How to Add CWDM MUX/DEMUX System to Your Network?

CWDM stands for coarse wavelength division multiplexing, and it was made for fiber optic network to increase the capacity of it without having to add extra fiber.  The most important component in the CWDM system is the CWDM Mux/Demux (multiplexer/demultiplexer).

Normally, it helps in transmitting multiple wavelengths and increases the fiber capacity if the cable to an extent of 18 different signals over one fiber. The following information is going to help you in installing your CWDM Mux/Demux system. Until and unless you are someone who has an experience in doing this, it’ll be of a great help if you choose to follow the given below information.

Introduction to CWDM MUX/DEMUX Module

This device is extremely reliable and simple to use. It comes in a variety of combinations and wavelengths that mostly ranges from 1270nm to 1610nm (20nm spacing). This module can fit into different modules depending upon the design we pick for the channels, after comprehending its application. One fiber can withstand four different wavelengths normally with a 4 channel Mux/Demux module. This gives the fiber the liberty to release four different kinds of data simultaneously.

Compact CWDM Mux and Demux
Compact CWDM Mux and Demux

CWDM Mux/Demux can be used on a normal day as a multiplexer or demultiplexer at each end of the fiber cable span. Although, it still has to be installed in pairs.

How to Add CWDM MUX/DEMUX System to Your Network?

Install the Rack-Mount Chassis: take a standard 19-inch cabinet or a rack and install the CWDM rack-mount chassis over it. Next, whenever you choose to glue the chassis to the rack, make sure that you are installing the rack-mount chassis on the similar rack or maybe next to it. Hence further, it is easier for you to connect the cables between the CWDM Mux/Demux modules and the CWDM SFP transceivers in your system.

Install the CWDM Mux/Demux Modules: first thing that you should do is to manage the alignment of the chassis shelf to insert the module and then next very slowly push the module into the cavity of the shelf. Also, don’t forget to screw the nails harder.

Connect the CWDM Mux/Demux to Switch: once we have inserted the CWDM SFP transceiver in the switch, the next step is to pick the single mode patch cable and connect the transceiver immediately. Also, make sure that the CWDM Mux/Demux pairs are carrying the transceivers at the same wavelength. If the wavelength is different it is going to automatically show a different color.

Connect the CWDM MUX/DEMUX Pairs: finally, when you have seen the CWDM multiplexer at one end of the network, make sure to use the demultiplexer at the other end of the network. And finally, last but not the least, complete CWDM Mux/Demux system by connecting it to the Mux/Demux pairs and install them successfully.

How High Quality PM Filter WDM Helps in Better Optical Fiber Communication?

Polarization Maintaining Filter Wavelength Division Multiplexer (PM Filter WDM) is best for high speed WDM network systems. It maintains signal polarization while providing wavelength division multiplexing. It is totally dependent on environmentally stable thin films filter technology with high return loss.

What is the need for Wavelength Division Multiplexing?

PM FWDM

It can be said as the technology which is multiplexing various optical signals onto a single fiber. It is incorporated using different wavelengths of laser light enabling bi-directional communications over fiber connections. It is different from frequency division multiplexing which is applied to a radio carrier. As the name suggest, multiplexer transmit several signals together. It is popular among telecommunication industry because without laying more optical fiber companies can expand the capacity of the network.

Why to use PM Filter WDM?

  1. It can be used best to maintain polarized fiber amplifiers and is used in DWDM systems.
  2. With help of this WDM, high speed communication systems are developed.
  3. It also helps in the development of instrumental applications.

Features of PM Filter WDM

Listed below are some of the PM Filter WDM features –

  • It has high extinction ratio.
  • High return ratio.
  • Great reliability and strong environmental stability.
  • Low insertion loss.

PM Filter WDM is used for applications like EDFAs, fiber sensing system, WDI module and many more. Compliance is maintained in terms with RoHS and Telcordia GR-1221-CORE. While designing and manufacturing ITU standards should be followed. PM Filter WDM is used by companies and individuals to perform drop function or adding a single channel. It is used on sensor systems with advanced packaging technology.

Performance Specification of PM Filter WDM

Here are detailed specifications of the WDM –

Parameter Unit T1550/R980 T980/R1550
Transmission Wavelength Range nm 1520~1580 960~990
Reflect Wavelength Range nm 960~990 1520~1580
Max. Insertion Loss Transmission dB 0.8
Reflect dB 0.5
Min. Isolation Transmission dB 25
Reflect dB 12
Min. Extinction Ratio dB 20
Min. Channel Flatness dB 0.3
Min. Return Loss dB 50
Max. Power Handling(CW) W 0.3, 0.7, 1, 2, 3, 10
Max. Tensile Load(N) N ≤5
Fiber Type PM Panda fiber
Operating Temperature -5 to +70
Storage Temperature -40 to +85
Package Dimensions mm Ø5.5 x L35

Specifications can be changed or altered as required. Also, the values specified are not subjected to any connector loss. PM fiber and the connector key are aligned to slow axis. This product can also be used to multiplex other wavelengths, including 980/1064 PM WDM nm (pulsed laser applications) and 1064/1550 nm (Erbium-Ytterbium pumping). Low power (300 mW, 500 mW) and high power (5W) handling are available.It can also be provided with a PM isolator integrated in the same package. They are ideal for polarization maintaining fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, and high speed communication system and instrumentation applications.

How effective is Polarization Maintaining (PM) Isolator?

Polarization Maintaining Isolator is also known as Fiber Optic Isolator which allows light to travel only in one direction. For any state of polarization, it minimizes the back reflection and back scattering in the reverse direction. It is a two port micro-optic device built with PM panda fiber. Polarization Maintaining Isolator is used widely in amplifier systems, fiber optic systems, and lasers. It prevents unwanted feedback into an optical oscillator and the device operations are dependent on the Faraday’s effect turn.

Polarization Maintaining Isolator
Polarization Maintaining Isolator

Faraday rotator is the main component of the optical isolator. The polarization dependent isolator mainly consists of 3 parts like an input polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an output polarizer. The output polarizer is known as the analyser. Input polarizer vertically polarizes the light traveling in the forward direction. Using the analyser, the light traveling in the backward direction becomes polarized by 45°. The polarization dependent isolators are mainly used in free space optical systems as the polarization of source is maintained well by the system.

What are the devices in which the isolator is used?

PM isolator is used in communication systems, polarization maintaining fiber-optic amplifier and instrumentation applications. Also, the insulating system is used in CATV Fiberoptic Links, Fiberoptic System Testing and Fiberoptic LAN System.

Here are the best features of polarization maintaining optical isolator –

  • High Extinction Ratio
  • High Return Loss
  • High Isolator
  • Epoxy Free Optical Ratio
  • Low Insertion Loss

The light traveling in the forward direction is split by the input birefringent wedge into a vertical component which is called ordinary ray and a horizontal component is known as extraordinary ray. The rotator rotates both the o-ray and e-ray by 45°. Again the output birefringent wedge combines the two components. On either sides of the isolator, collimators are used and the beam is split & diverged in the isolated direction.

There are now companies who specialize in the manufacturing of the isolators for various applications. Based on the requirement of applications, isolators are manufactured precisely. Also, one can get the isolators online and the common PM Isolators available online are Polarization Maintaining Isolator 1310 & 1480 & 1550nm and Polarization Maintaining Tap Isolator 1310 & 1550nm.

Combining the Multiplexer and Demultiplexer into One!

As advancements in technology take place, the need for faster data transmission emerges. Often, continuing with the old equipment results in major losses. If you have been fed up of the existing data transfer speeds at your place, it is certainly the time when you should look out for change. And not just change, a solution which is cost effective, of the best quality and the best service should always be your goal.

CWDM Mux and DeMux Module
CWDM Mux and DeMux Module

DK Photonics Technology Limited is one of the leading companies in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components, which includes a large array of fiber-optic components. You can count on them to get the best solution for your everyday problems. They have brought the advantages of both the multiplexer, which is multi input and single output device and the demultiplexer, which is a single input and multiple output device, into one product. It has eradicated the need for having both the products separately.

About our CWDM Mux and DeMux Module:

For industries employing multiplexer and demultiplexer for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications such as line monitoring, networking, cellular communications, optical amplifiers etc. DK Photonics CWDM MUX+DEMUX Module is an ideal choice. It supports wavelengths between 1270nm to 1610nm in 20nm increments, allowing different services up to 10Gbps to be transported across the same fiber link. It is the latest product that offers a competitive advantage to the industry using it.

The features of CWDM Mux+DeMux Module are:

  • Low insertion loss
  • Wide pass band
  • High channel isolation
  • High stability and reliability
  • Epoxy free on optical path

With so many advanced features, it surely is going to beat the obsolete products. The module combines the need for a multiplexer and demultiplexer into one product. Besides, minimizing the number of wires that are required for the multiple transmissions, the information is multiplexed over a single high data rate link, and then demultiplexed at the other end, along a single communication channel. That is what makes it a more sought after choice.

If you intend to increase your data transfer needs with the optical Mux+DeMux module, you are just a few a steps away. Get a Mux+DeMux module for your industry and connect the data line is to the output line. Enjoy the difference!

Our contact and support:

We are always reachable at the following destinations:

  • Website: http://www.dkphotonics.com
  • E-mail: info@dkphotonics.com
  • Tel:+86-755-36820366
  • Fax:+86-755-26746512
  • Add: DK Photonics Technology Limited
    7/F, Bldg. C, Qinghu Technology Park
    Qingxiang Rd., Longhua New Dis.
    Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518109

 

In-Line Polarizer is up for Grab Now at Best Low Price!

A polarizer is an optical filter which is used to pass light waves of a specific polarization blocking other light waves. The In-Line Polarizer is used for converting un-polarized light into polarized light having the high extinction ratio. What does the polarizer do specifically? The light wave of a specific polarization at slow or fast axis is passed effectively and the other waves are blocked. So use of it in fiber lasers, amplifiers, and communication system helps in the better maintenance of the system. DK Photonics is one such company who explicitly deals with the supply of high power products.

Company Profile

DK Photonics Technology Limited is the company headquartered in Shenzhen, China with factories located in varied locations. The company has expertise in designing and manufacturing of high-quality optical components for telecommunication, sensors, and applications. The company has the experience in fiber-optic design & installation which also includes setup of transmission systems and assemblies. Total care for quality service is taken and the company has passed RoHS certification & ISO9001 quality system.

In-line Polarizer USA
In-Line Polarizer USA

The company deals in customized components which production of filter based multiplexers, coupler modules, switching modules and fiber components. Cost effective products are used over multiplexers or amplifiers.  One of the clients quoted the statement as, “We are satisfied with the cost effective fiber optic solutions provided by DK Photonics”.

Optical Fiber In-Line Polarizer and its Specifications

This device is a tiny part which is important for efficient working of the electronic product and this low-cost device converts the un-polarized light into linear polarized light. The device can be connected using input/output connector in the optical system.

Here are the striking features of In-line Polarizer –

Light weight and compactness: It is a light weight device which is easy to carry and it helps in the execution of the appliance.

High return loss: The loss of power in signal reflected by a discontinuity in optical fiber results in high return loss.

Low insertion ratio: Insertion cost is the loss of signal power from the insertion of a device into the optical fiber and it is much less than other devices.

High extinction ratio: It means that ratio of the optical power level of a digital signal produced from an optical source.

High stability: The tiny device is quite stable and reliable. It is one of the most trusted devices to be used on optical fibers.

DK Photonics provides a product which is best for communication purposes at low rates. So, the company builds High Power Isolator, 1064nm Components, PM Components, Pump Combiner and much more. Integrated service is provided to the clients with in-house installation setup at the industry location. All description to all products is provided over the website with updates of the latest components. Online payment service is available with easy booking and delivery of services. Get the best prices on the products like no other company.

Combining the Multiplexer and Demultiplexer into One

As advancements in technology take place, the need for faster data transmission emerges. Often, continuing with the old equipment results in major losses. If you have been fed up of the existing data transfer speeds at your place, it is certainly the time when you should look out for change. And not just change, a solution which is cost effective, of the best quality and the best service should always be your goal.

D K Photonics Technology Limited is one of the leading companies in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components, which includes a large array of fiber-optic components. You can count on them to get the best solution for your everyday problems. They have brought the advantages of both the multiplexer, which is multi input and single output device and the demultiplexer, which is a single input and multiple output device, into one product. It has eradicated the need for having both the products separately.

About our CWDM Mux and DeMux Module:

For industries employing multiplexer and demultiplexer for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications such as line monitoring, networking, cellular communications, optical amplifiers etc. DK Photonics CWDM MUX+DEMUX Module is an ideal choice. It supports wavelengths between 1270nm to 1610nm in 20nm increments, allowing different services up to 10Gbps to be transported across the same fiber link. It is the latest product that offers a competitive advantage to the industry using it.

The features of CWDM Mux+DeMux Module are:

  • Low insertion loss
  • Wide pass band
  • High channel isolation
  • High stability and reliability
  • Epoxy free on optical path

With so many advanced features, it surely is going to beat the obsolete products. The module combines the need for a multiplexer and demultiplexer into one product. Besides, minimizing the number of wires that are required for the multiple transmissions, the information is multiplexed over a single high data rate link, and then demultiplexed at the other end, along a single communication channel. That is what makes it a more sought after choice.

If you intend to increase your data transfer needs with the optical Mux+DeMux module, you are just a few a steps away. Get a Mux+DeMux module for your industry and connect the data line is to the output line. Enjoy the difference!

Our contact and support:

We are always reachable at the following destinations:

  • Website: http://www.dkphotonics.com
  • E-mail: info@dkphotonics.com
  • Tel:+86-755-36820366
  • Fax:+86-755-26746512
  • Add: DK Photonics Technology Limited

7/F, Bldg. C, Qinghu Technology Park

Qingxiang Rd., Longhua New Dis.

Shenzhen, Guangdong, China  518109

 

10-Year Forecast – Fiber Optic Sensors

According to ElectroniCast, the combined use of Distributed and Point fiber optics sensors are forecast to reach $5.98 Billion in 2026…

 ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market/technology forecast consultancy, today announced the release of their market forecast and analysis of the global consumption of Fiber Optic Sensors.

According to the study, the combined use of Distributed and Point (local) fiber optics sensors reached $3.38 Billion last year (2016), and the worldwide value is forecast to reach $5.98 Billion in 10-years (2026). Market forecast data in this study report refers to consumption (use) for a particular calendar year; therefore, this data is not cumulative data.

Both the American region and the EMEA region held similar market share in the overall (distributed- and point-types) fiber optic sensor value last year. The Europe, Middle East, Africa region (EMEA) held a very slight lead in relative market (value) share last year; however, the Asia Pacific region (APAC) is projected to take-over the leadership position during the forecast period.

The EMEA region is forecast to have a strong role in the use of distributed fiber optic systems, driven by the region’s use of systems in aviation, as well as in the

Petrochemical, Natural Resources, Energy/Utility application categories.

In terms of fiber optic point sensors, the American region is forecast to maintain the market share lead throughout the 1st-half of the forecast period (2016-2021), mostly led by the use of Fiber Optic Gyros (FOGs) in the Military/Aerospace application category. The consumption values are based on the end-user application and the end-user region.

FOGs held a 65 percent market share of the worldwide Point fiber optic sensor consumption value in 2016. “All regions, thanks mainly to increases in the use in aviation and military critical mission applications (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle/UAV and missile guidance, navigation, north finding/tracking, robotics, aviation and aeronautics and other) are forecast to show impressive increase consumption quantity (volumes) and values for the FOG systems,” said Stephen Montgomery, Director of the Fiber Optics Components group at ElectroniCast Consultants.

The market forecast of the Distributed Sensors is segmented by the following applications:

  • Manufacturing Process/Factory
  • Civil Engineering/Construction (buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc)
  • Military/Aerospace/Security
  • Petrochemical/Energy/Utilities/Natural Resources
  • Biomedical/Science

The Fiber Optic Point Sensor Forecast further segmented by the following sensing/measuring quantity (measurand) types:

  • Mechanical Strain
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • Chemical, Gas, Liquid
  • Vibration, Acoustic, Seismic
  • Displacement, Acceleration, Proximity
  • Electric, Current and Magnetic Field – Fiber Optic Sensors
  • Rotation (such as Fiber Optic Gyroscopes: FOGs)

“ElectroniCast counts each Point fiber optic sensor as one unit; however, the volume/quantity (number of units) of Distributed fiber optic sensors is based on a complete optical fiber line/link, which we classify as a system. Since a distributed optical fiber line (system) may have 100s of sensing elements in a continuous-line, it is important to note that we count all of those sensing elements in a distributed system as one (system) unit – only. Distributed fiber optic sensor systems involve the optic fiber with the sensors embedded with the fiber; also included is the optoelectronic transmitter/receiver, connectors, optical fiber, cable (fiber jacket) the sensor elements, and other related components,” Montgomery added.

According to ElectroniCast, the combined use of Distributed and Point fiber optics sensors reached $3.38 Billion in 2016…

 

Continuous Distributed and Point Fiber Optic Sensor

Global Consumption ($3.38 Billion in 2016)

Source: ElectroniCast Consultants


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DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com  specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as 1064nm High Power Isolator,1064nm Components, PM Components, (2+1)x1 Pump Combiner,Pump Laser Protector,Mini-size CWDM,100GHz DWDM,Optical Circulator,PM Circulator,PM Isolator,Fused Coupler,Mini Size Fused WDM.

Multimode pump combiners now accessible from the place of dk photonics!

Pump combiner is a passive segment, fabricated in view of fused biconical taper (FBT) strategy, generally utilized as a part of fiber laser, fiber amplifier, high power EDFA, biomedical and sensor systems, and so on. DK photonics offers pump combiners worked by engineers with strong information and specialized foundation; they remain by high caliber and financially savvy items with our awesome administrations too.

(2+1)x1 Pump and Signal Combiner

Sorts of Multimode Pump Combiners

2x1pump combiner

DK photonics’ 2×1 multimode pump combiner is intended for high power applications. It highlights excellent optical qualities. These gadgets can be utilized to join the power from a few multimode laser diodes, conveying the consolidated power for applications in modern, military, therapeutic and broadcast communications markets. It has a heat sink package and a hole for temperature monitoring. DK photonics’ multimode combiners offer efficient power exchange for high power applications like direct diode materials handling and pump cascading with a maximum conservation of brightness.

4×1 pump combiner

It highlights extraordinary optical characteristics. These gadgets can be utilized to consolidate the power from a few multimode laser diodes, conveying the joined power for applications in modern, military, restorative and broadcast communications markets. It has a warmth sink bundle and a gap for temperature observing.

19×1 pump combiner

DK photonics’ 19×1 multimode pump combiner is intended for high power applications. It highlights outstanding optical qualities. These gadgets can be utilized to consolidate the power from a few multimode laser diodes, conveying the joined power for applications in mechanical, military, medicinal and broadcast communications markets. It has a warmth sink bundle and a gap for temperature checking. DK photonics’ multimode combiners offer effective power exchange for high power applications like direct diode materials handling and pump falling with a greatest preservation of splendor.

3×1 pump combiner

DK photonics’ 3×1 multimode pump combiner is intended for high power applications. It highlights remarkable optical attributes. These gadgets can be utilized to join the power from a few multimode laser diodes, conveying the consolidated power for applications in modern, military, medicinal and media communications markets. It has a warmth sink bundle and a gap for temperature observing.

7×1 pump combiner

DK photonics’ 7×1 multimode pump combiner is intended for high power applications. It highlights outstanding optical qualities. These gadgets can be utilized to consolidate the power from a few multimode laser diodes, conveying the joined power for applications in mechanical, military, medicinal and media communications markets. It has a warmth sink bundle and an opening for temperature observing.

DK photonics offers pump combiners worked by engineers with strong learning and specialized foundation; offer high caliber and financially savvy items with our incredible administrations also.

High Quality PM Filter WDM Manufacturing for Telecommunication

Polarization Maintaining Filter Wavelength Division Multiplexer (PM Filter WDM) is best for high speed WDM network systems. It maintains signal polarization while providing wavelength division multiplexing. It is totally dependent on environmentally stable thin films filter technology with high return loss.

What is the need for Wavelength Division Multiplexing?

It can be said as the technology which is multiplexing various optical signals onto a single fiber. It is incorporated using different wavelengths of laser light enabling bi-directional communications over fiber connections. It is different from frequency division multiplexing which is applied to a radio carrier. As the name suggest, multiplexer transmit several signals together. It is popular among telecommunication industry because without laying more optical fiber companies can expand the capacity of the network.

PM Filter WDM USA
PM Filter WDM

Why to use PM Filter WDM?

  1. It can be used best to maintain polarized fiber amplifiers and is used in DWDM systems.
  2. With help of this WDM, high speed communication systems are developed.
  3. It also helps in the development of instrumental applications.

Features of PM Filter WDM

Listed below are some of the PM Filter WDM features –

  • It has high extinction ratio.
  • High return ratio.
  • Great reliability and strong environmental stability.
  • Low insertion loss.

PM Filter WDM is used for applications like EDFAs, fiber sensing system, WDI module and many more. Compliance is maintained in terms with RoHS and Telcordia GR-1221-CORE. While designing and manufacturing ITU standards should be followed. PM Filter WDM is used by companies and individuals to perform drop function or adding a single channel. It is used on sensor systems with advanced packaging technology.

Performance Specification of PM Filter WDM

Here are detailed specifications of the WDM –

PARAMETERS                                                                                                    VALUES

Reflection wavelength range                                                      1270 nm – 1350nm; 1450nm – 1490 nm

Pass wavelength range                                                                 1530nm – 1600nm; 1530nm – 1600nm

IL over pass wavelength                                                                <0.6dB; <0.6dB

IL over reflection band (input -> output)                                <0.5dB

Thermal stability                                                                               <0.005Db/C

Return loss                                                                         50dB

Minimum isolation                                                                          12dB

Extinction ratio                                                                                  20dB

Reflection band isolation @ pass band wavelength          15dB

Maximum tensile load                                                                   5N

Fiber type                                                                                           PM panda fiber

Operational temperature                                                             -5 degrees C to + 70 degrees C

Storage temperature                                                                     -40 degrees C to +85degreesC

Specifications can be changed or altered as required. Also, the values specified are not subjected to any connector loss. PM fiber and the connector key are aligned to slow axis. There many companies in the USA providing high power products and polarized maintaining products. Three different types of PM Filter WDM manufactured are 130/1550nm Polarization Maintaining Filter WDM; 980/1550nm Polarization Maintaining Filter WDM and T1550/R1310 & 1490NM Polarization Maintaining Filter WDM.

There are various private companies in USA designing and developing PM Filter WDM. One can get the contacts online of companies delivering high quality optical passive components. Services are provided by professionals having expertise in plant installation, assembly, transmission, and testing. These products are widely used fiber lasers, telecommunication services, and scientific research.

Fiber Optics: How Fused Fiber Optic Couplers Work in Modern Scenario

A fiber optic coupler is a gadget utilized as a part of optical fiber systems with at least one input fibers and one or a few output fibers. Light entering an input fiber can show up at least one outputs and its power distribution potentially relying upon the wavelength and polarization. Such couplers can be fabricated in various courses, for instance by thermally fusing fibers with the goal that their cores get into intimate contact. In the event that every single involved fiber are single-mode (supporting just a solitary mode for each polarization heading for a given wavelength), there are sure physical restrictions on the performance of the coupler. Specifically, it is unrealistic to consolidate at least two contributions of the same optical frequency into one single-polarization output without significant excess misfortunes. Be that as it may, such a limitation does not happen for various information wavelengths: there are couplers that can consolidate two contributions at different wavelengths into one output without exhibiting significant misfortunes. Wavelength-sensitive couplers are utilized as multiplexers in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) telecom systems to join a few information stations with various wavelengths, or to isolate channels.

Fiber optic couplers (fused couplers) are intended for control part and tapping media transmission hardware, CATV systems, and test gear. This sort of little parts are accessible independently or incorporated into modules for fiber security exchanging, MUX/DMUX, optical channel checking, and include/drop multiplexing applications.

Optical Fused Coupler
Optical Fused Coupler

We utilize electronic couplers constantly, for example, a telephone coupler which gives you a chance to associate both a phone and a fax machine to a similar phone line. Fundamentally you can purchase these couplers from home depot or other electronic retailers.

Optical couplers have an indistinguishable usefulness from electronic couplers: they split the flag to numerous points (devices). Fiber optic couplers are required for tapping (monitoring the flag quality) or more complex telecommunication frameworks which require more than straightforward point-to-point connections, for example, ring architectures, bus architectures and star architectures.