Category: FTTX

A Brief Guide on Optical Isolators, Their Types, and Working

Michael Faraday established that the optical isolator operations are based on Faraday Effect in 1842. According to Faraday Effect, the polarized light plane turns when light energy propagates through the glass that can be exposed to a magnetic field. The direction of rotation of the plane is based on the magnetic field as an alternative to the light transmission direction.

Optical devices and connectors that are used in a fiber optic system also cause some effects such as the absorption of energy and reflection of the optical signal on the output of the transmitter. These effects can cause the light energy to be reproduced back at the supply, which in turn causes interruption or obstruction in the supply function.

To overcome such interference effects, we need optical diodes, also called optical isolators.

What is an optical isolator?

An optical isolator goes by multiple names such as an optical diode, photocoupler, and optocoupler. An optical isolator is a magneto-optic device designed specifically to allow the transmission of the light signal in one direction only.

Due to its functionality, it plays a key role when you need to prevent unnecessary feedback to an optical oscillator, also called a laser cavity. The working of this device mainly depends on Faraday Effect, which plays an important role in the main component, namely the Faraday rotator.

How does an optical isolator work?

An optical isolator is composed of three main components, namely, a Faraday rotator, an input polarizer, and an output polarizer. When a light signal passes through an input polarizer in the forward direction, it turns into polarized light with the vertical plane. The function mode of this optical device is classified into two types depending on different directions of light such as forward mode or backward mode.

In forward mode, the light signal enters an input polarizer and becomes linearly polarized. When this linearly polarized light signal passes through the Faraday rotator, the Faraday rotator rod will turn 45 degrees, allowing the linearly polarized signal to leave the output polarizer at 45 degrees.

In backward mode, as the light signal rotated by 45 degrees enters the output polarizer, it again turns by 45 degrees in a similar path when passing through the Faraday rotator. After that, 90 degrees polarized light turns into a vertical plane toward the input polarizer and hence, cannot leave the isolator. At this point, the light beam is either absorbed or reflected.

What are the different types of optical isolators?

Based on working, optical isolators are categorized into different types:

  • Polarized Type Optical Isolator: This type of isolator utilizes the polarization axis to transmit light in one direction. It allows light to travel in the forward direction and stops light to transmit back. In this category, you can find polarization-dependent isolators and polarization-independent isolators.
  • Composite Type Optical Isolator: It is a polarization-independent polarizer that is often used in EDFA that has different components such as WDM, erbium-doped fiber, pumping diode laser, and more.
  • Magnetic Type Optical Isolator: It is a polarized optical isolator that pressurizes the magnetic element of a Faraday rotator that works on the Faraday Effect.

Based on the amount of power they can handle, optical isolators can be categorized into two types:

  • High-power isolator: A high-power optical isolator is the optical passive component that allows the transmission of light in one direction and can handle high levels of power. One example of a high-power isolator is a 30Watt 1064nm high-power isolator.
  • Low-power isolator: A low-power optical isolator is the optical passive component that works the same as a high-power isolator but operates at low power. For example:  2Watt 980 PM optical isolator  

If you need optical isolators for your project or application, contact DK Photonics no matter your requirement is for low-power isolators or high-power isolators.

How does a fiber bandpass filter improve the operation of fiber amplifiers?

Optical fiber amplifiers, such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), are widely used in fiber optic communication systems. Their main function is to recover or amplify the strength of optical signal after it has been traveled or transmitted over a certain distance.

Traditionally, to recover the optical signal, electronic amplification was used where the transmitting optical signal was first converted into an electrical signal which was then amplified and then converted back into the optical signal. This practice made the overall amplification process of an optical signal costly and complicated. This process has been now simplified by EDFAs.

How does an erbium-doped fiber amplifier work?

EDFA modules, which are basically passive amplifiers, use an erbium-doped fiber so that the need for conversion of optical signals into electrical signals and then back into optical signals is eliminated completely.

At present, when it comes to optical amplification, an optical signal is amplified within the optical fiber by a laser that operates at a wavelength of 980nm or 1480nm. This laser excites erbium atoms, which then emit a large number of photons when triggered by a much weaker incoming optical signal at the same wavelength as the incoming optical signal.

This entire process results in an amplification of the input optical signal at the output of an EDFA.

Why does an EDFA need an optical filter?

Most telecom wavelengths function and operate in the C-band (1520nm-1570nm) or the L-band (1570nm-1620nm). That’s why the pump laser that acts upon the optical signal disrupts the precise wavelength, which is a significant issue in a fiber that accepts multiple communication channels.

In traditional EDFAs, a pair of filter components was used to rectify the EDFA’s output signal. A GFF (Gain Flattening Filter) or fiber bandpass filter is used to flatten or even out the outgoing amplified optical signal. This filter operates in accordance with a 980nm-blocking or 1480nm-blocking wavelength-division multiplexer (WDM). A WDM is also used to minimize the interference caused by the pump laser.

A thin-film fiber bandpass filter is designed to block or pass wavelengths of a certain band. While filters are designed using different technologies, one of the best filters is a fiber bandpass filter that is made based on environmentally stable thin-film filter technology.

You can easily implement this to block unwanted noise or unwanted signals in fiber amplifiers, as well as fiber laser systems.

Being an optical passive component, it is also characterized by high isolation, low insertion loss, high return loss, and excellent environmental stability. Some filters are also designed to handle high-power fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, high-speed communication, and instrumentation systems.

If you are looking for high-quality fiber bandpass filters, contact DK Photonics. We are the leading manufacturer of optical passive components, including fiber bandpass filters for different operating wavelengths.

What does a DWDM Mux Demux Device do?

DWDM is an acronym for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. DWDM is a multiplexing technology based on optic fibers and is specifically designed to increase the bandwidth of existing fiber networks and infrastructure. This technology combines optical signals from different sources and multiplexes them over a single optical cable while ensuring that all data streams remain separate.

In DWDM, each individual light wavelength carries a separate optical signal. Here, the term “dense” refers to the fact that this technology can accommodate up to 80 different wavelengths, where each wavelength is about 0.8nanometer wide and propagates along with other optical signals without getting mixed.

To enable this multiplexing technology and increase the bandwidth of your fiber network, you need to buy DWDM Mux Demux devices. These devices allow you to combine (multiplex – Mux) different optical signals over a single optical fiber on one end and split (demultiplex – Demux) optical signals on the other end. As a result, the implementation of DWDM Mux Demux devices increases the capacity of a fiber network without the installation of additional expensive optical fibers.

How do DWDM mux demux devices improve fiber networks?

Fiber optical cables have become the backbone of high-speed internet networks and become a standard for the telecommunications industry. DWDM mux demux devices allow enormous amounts of data to traverse along a single network link by creating multiple virtual fibers, thereby, multiplying the capacity of the physical medium i.e. fiber optical cables.

Since data flows through different wavelengths, the streams or channels don’t get mixed up or interfere with each other. Hence, the use of DWDM Mux Demux devices ensures the integrity of data passing through them. It is the significant increase in network capacity due to DWDM technology that enables security partitioning or separate tenants in the same data center.

As it allows telecommunications and cable companies to handle so much data, DWDM mux demux devices have become immensely popular in the industry. Any company that runs densely populated data centers such as hyperscale cloud service providers or collocation providers with dense multi-tenant spaces can benefit from the purchase of DWDM mux demux devices.

How does a DWDM Mux Demux device work?

To understand the working of a DWDM mux demux device, you need to know how dense wavelength division multiplexing technology works. DWDM has tighter or narrow wavelength spacing that allows the adjustment of more channels onto a single fiber. It is better for systems where there are more than eight active wavelengths per fiber.

Since DWDM can finely divide the spectrum, it can easily fit more than 40 channels into the C-band frequency range. DWDM implemented in optical fiber systems today can achieve a throughput of 100Gbps. When DWDM is deployed in network management systems and add/drop multiplexers, carriers can adopt optically based transmission networks. This is what helps you meet the growing demand for increased bandwidth at a significantly lower cost.

Do you need to buy DWDM Mux Demux Devices with standard or custom specifications? Please get in touch with DK Photonics now.

A Brief Guide on the Need and Use of Inline Polarizers

The need for efficient low-loss components that are compatible with optical fibers is growing quickly. An all-fiber inline polarizer is therefore a more desirable alternative that can be placed at appropriate intervals along communication links. It works by coupling optical energy traveling in the fiber to a surface Plasmon on a metallic film, which is deposited to the surface of the fiber.

What is polarization and why does polarization of light matter?

Polarization is a special property of electromagnetic waves that refers to the behavior of the electric field with time. If the electric vectors of a group of transverse waves (longitudinal waves cannot be polarized) are at random angles (i.e. in all or any directions), a light is said to be unpolarized. If the electric vectors of transverse waves have the same angles, the light is said to be polarized.

Polarization is desirable in many components and systems because the use of unpolarized light leads to interference and performance issues. 

Fiber optics components such as polarizers transmit waves with electric vectors in one plane and the other waves are either reflected or absorbed.

The operational characteristics of many fiber optic systems vary by the polarization of the light travelling in the optical fiber. That is why maintaining polarization is essential in fiber optics communications, optical gyroscopes, and interferometric sensors to prevent signal fading and error.

To obtain a high level of accuracy in measurements, it is important to have the light with just one polarization. Therefore, it is crucial to implement fiber optic polarizers with a high extinction ratio.

Why use in-line polarizers instead of standard polarizers?

Standard polarizing components in optical systems are bulky, which makes it difficult to align the optical axis between components. Besides, using bulky polarizers can result in higher costs, lack of mechanical and thermal stability, and high losses.

Hence, when it comes to maintaining the polarization of the light in the fiber, the most desirable fiber optic component is an in-line polarizer because it has a fiber-like structure, making it easier to align the optical axis between components.

Inline fiber components are more desirable in most fiber optics systems and have been successfully used in beam splitters, faraday rotators, and filters.

What are the different types of fiber polarizers?

The first optical polarizer was made using calcite prism. However, because of the limitations posed by the optical constants of calcite crystal, it was soon replaced by dichroic polarizers. If natural light falls on some homogeneous media and the light is partially polarized either circularly or linearly, such media are called dichroic.

The commercial usefulness and viability of fiber inline polarizers depend on several key aspects of the construction and design.

At DK Photonics, we offer a wide range of fiber polarizers, such as 980nm in-line polarizers, 1030nm in-line polarizers, 1064nm in-line polarizers, 1480nm in-line polarizers, 1550nm in-line polarizers, 2000nm in-line polarizers, 2050nm in-line polarizers, and more.

The Rising Demand for PM Fiber Components in Aerospace and Military Industries

The aerospace and military industries have always been on the priority when it comes to employing advanced technology. That’s why there remains a high demand for fiber optics components, including PM fiber components because of their superior qualities they come with, compared to traditional technology.

According to Aerospace and Military Fiber Optic Market Research Report 2022 published by ResearchAndMarkets.com, the market of fiber optics in the aerospace and military industry is projected to grow at CAGR of 7.0% from 2022 to 2028.

Why do aerospace and military industries need fiber components?

There are many reasons why aerospace industry and defense forces need fiber components. One of the biggest reasons is that they use advanced communication systems to ensure effective and continuous contact between personnel at different sites and the base station.

Hence, both of these industries pose a continuously high demand for technologically enhanced and high-speed communication systems. The prominent benefit of high-speed data transfer solutions is the quick access to real-time information with the minimized scope for data loss.

Besides, commercial airlines have been using long-haul flights because of increasing passenger traffic. They demand high-speed communication and seamless connectivity. Typically, Ethernet has been the preferred choice for network infrastructure protocol among commercial airlines, owing to its superior performance, reliability, and universally accepted open standard.

However, even with Ethernet network connectivity, there are many limitations in transmitting high bandwidth data over longer distances. This prompted the aircraft cabling system manufacturers to venture into the fiber optics cable and components industry.

That’s why aircraft manufacturers and companies that manufacture defense systems now opt for fiber optic solutions. When it comes to high-speed communication systems, non-PM and PM components are better choice than their electrical or electronic counterparts.

What’s trending in the fiber optics industry these days?

As the number of applications of fiber optics components is continuously growing, the performance of PM fiber components is also anticipated to meet the demanding expectations and combat existing challenges.

With standard fibers, we still face many issues. They are too sensitive to fluctuations caused by different things such as material inhomogeneity, environmental changes, and mechanical stress developed due to fiber compression, bending, twisting, and stretching. As a result, it becomes difficult to preserve the polarization state when light propagates through the fiber.

Therefore, 80um PM fiber components are getting more common than traditional 125um PM fiber components. 80um fiber components are getting edge in the fiber optics industry because of their thin diameter. The thin diameter in PM fiber that is used to make PM fiber components offers various benefits such as no tension fused taper in the fiber, on-line adjustment of main axes in PM fibers, and high stability package.

Even though both variants (80um fiber and 125um fiber) are known for offering the same performance and extinction ratios, the reason behind the increasing popularity of 80um PM fiber components is that they are designed to ensure low bend loss at small bend diameters.

So, you will find 80um PM Fiber and 80um PM fiber components trending more in the fiber optics industry these days.

What are the Advantages of High-Power Fiber Lasers?

Undoubtedly, optical fiber has revolutionized the reform of the telecommunications industry. It has replaced traditionally used copper wires and has become the core part of modern communication. 

With optical fiber, the communication system is a kind of communication system with light as an information carrier. The optical fiber transmits information in the form of electrical signals that are transformed into optical signals. 

Due to the wide application of optical fiber in communication, the rapid development of fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers is seen. Other than this, the optical fiber system is used in medicine, sensing, and other fields. 

When we discuss fiber lasers, high-power fiber lasers always take the limelight. But, many people don’t know why it happens. Also, some people haven’t used high-power fiber lasers yet. 

They have a good beam quality 

The high-power laser fibers achieve high brightness laser output because their waveguide structure determines that the fiber laser is easy to obtain single transverse mode output. Also, the fiber laser is little affected by external factors, leading to good beam quality. 

They are highly efficient 

By selecting a semiconductor laser, the fiber laser achieves high optical to optical conversion. The semiconductor laser emits a wavelength that matches the absorption characteristics of doped rare earth elements as the pump source. 

The energy level structure is simple. So, a few phenomena such as up conversion, excited state absorption, and concentration quenching effectively store energy to achieve high-power operations. 

They have a good heat dissipation characteristics 

As a laser gain medium, the fiber laser uses slender rare earth-doped fiber. Also, the surface area and volume ratio of the fiber laser are very large. Compared to solid-state block lasers, the high-power fiber laser is 1000 times faster. The high-power fiber laser has natural advantages in heat dissipation capacity. 

In low and medium power, special cooling of the optical fiber is not needed. But, special cooling plays an important role in high-power fiber lasers. It avoids the decline of beam quality and efficiency caused by thermal effects in solid-state lasers. 

They have a compact structure and higher reliability 

The fiber laser uses a small and soft fiber just like the laser gain medium. The small and soft fiber is conducive to compressing the volume and saving cost. 

Using fused fiber optical products such as fiber Bragg grating, the all-optical fiber can be used as long as the products are fused. The immunity is high to environmental disturbance, high stability, and saves maintenance time and cost. 

The high-power fiber laser is beneficial. You should just know to use it in the right way. 

What Should You Know When Designing Optical Passive Components For Aerospace Systems?

In aerospace systems, optical passive components play an important role. Primarily, they are used to carry out the telescope’s mission. Also, they help in establishing as well as extending communications in space missions. 

The use of optical passive components in aerospace systems is very wide. It’s very difficult to list them all together. Something or the other gets missed out. The surprising part is that all the names in the list of optical passive components are useful in aerospace systems. 

As optical passive components are crucial in aerospace systems, you should be very particular about their design and development. You cannot assume things and expect the components to deliver good results. It’s better to customize the components as per your requirements. And for this, you should work with an experienced and reputable optical passive components designer. 

You should perform thermal analysis 

Constant cycling of temperature in space is one of the biggest challenges for aerospace systems. The temperature ranges from extremely cold to severely hot within hours. To overcome this problem, you should perform a thermal analysis. 

With this analysis and testing, you will ensure that your components, boards, and devices can withstand the temperature swings. Deployment of the components will be easy in the changing temperature. a

You should do this analysis in addition to electro-thermal stimulation of the PCB layouts before fabrication. Other than this, you should consider thermal dissipation and distribution during manufacturing. 

You should apply parameter-based materials selection 

The materials for optical passive component designing should be selected based on different parameters. The parameters are defined to ensure the long-term usage of the components in aerospace systems. 

The two important parameters are mechanical and thermal. These parameters show the capability of the components to withstand the pressure and temperature challenges of space deployment. 

You should ensure good soldering and PTH fill quality 

Another potential problem of optical passive components in aerospace systems is outgassing, meaning condensation on lenses and absorption or diffraction prevention. This is caused by the release of trapped gas. 

The release of trapped gas can be stopped with good solder connections and vias. So, you should make sure that your optical passive components designer applies good quality control to the assembly process. 

You should keep the boards clean and properly packed

You cannot forget contamination issues associated with optical components used in aerospace systems. Even small amounts of debris or contamination disrupt or cease the operation of the systems. The ability of light to cross material boundaries gets disrupted. 

You can prevent contamination and any disruption to operation by cleaning, coating, and following good package and storage guidelines. The components should be assembled in certified clean rooms and sealing should be done strongly. If the boards have been in storage for long periods before deployment, you should bake them. 

Optical passive components provide several advantages to aerospace systems over other electronic options. This is just the beginning. In the future, utilization of the components is going to increase. So, you should follow the designing tips discussed in this post for better performance of aerospace systems with the help of the best optical passive components designer. 

Important Things You Should Know About Laser Cutting 

Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) cutting is a process in which the light spot is intensely focused onto an object because of the spatial coherence of laser light. This causes an extreme elevation in the temperature of illuminated areas, causing the object to melt rapidly or be vaporized. And thus, a cut or fissure forms in the object. 

Years ago, laser cutting was not so prevalent. Other cutting techniques were preferred, including manual cutting. And this is because people were not aware of it. Today, different reports estimate that the market for laser cutting will reach an expected level by 2024. One major reason for the growth of the market size of laser cutting is its processing on a wide variety of materials, such as a medium range of carbon steels, wood, plastic, and ceramics. 

The increasing need for laser cutting has introduced various technologies in the industry. So, engineers today have a wide choice of laser, machining principles, and computerized control. This helps them to precisely cut material with high-level accuracy, which wasn’t possible a few years ago. 

What are the laser cutting processes and types?

The laser cutting processes are:

Fusion cutting– It uses reaction inhibiting nitrogen or argon as the cutting gas. The advantage of fusion cutting is that it produces a virtually oxide-free cutting edge. 

Oxidative cutting– It uses oxygen as an assist gas, increasing heat and reaction rate at the cutting interface. This enables the cutting of thicker material at faster rates but with a less quality surface finish. 

Laser scribing– It is primarily used in the electronics industries to process thin films of material. 

In these three laser cutting processes, different types of lasers are used such as fiber or solid-state lasers and gas lasers, mainly a CO2 emission gas laser. 

Two different types of lasers 

CO2 gas emission laser– As one of the highest power continuous wave lasers available for cutting today, CO2 gas emission has been in service for the longest time. Also, it’s a mature technology.

For the functioning of CO2 laser parts, mirrors are needed that reflect the light into a monochromatic stream of light photons of high intensity that exit the laser at the wavelength. Here, water is used to cool the gas tube during stimulated emission and various gasses.

The benefits of CO2 laser cutting are that it cuts thicker materials at equal wattage to fiber and gives superior finishing. 

Fiber lasers 

In fiber lasers, a type of solid-state laser, the monochromatic and pumped, intensified light is directed and wave-guided down an optical fiber towards the cutting surface. The light is not passed through any gas for stimulated emission. 

The basic configuration of the optical circuit of a high-power fiber laser consists of three major sections: Pump section, Oscillator section, and Beam delivery section. 

In the pump section, the laser light from pumping laser diodes passes through optical fibers into a high-power pump combiner. The combiner couples the pump light from the laser diodes into a single-mode optical fiber. 

In the Oscillator section, the pump light from the high-power pump combiner propagates through a double-clad fiber. Regarding the beam delivery section, it is composed of an optical fiber, passing the laser light from the Oscillator section to a beam coupler. 

Choose the right laser cutting process and type for the expected result. 

What are optical isolators used for?

An optical isolator is a passive optical device designed to transmit optical signals in only one direction. It is primarily used to isolate the ports from unwanted optical reflections. The device is characterized by certain features, including:

  • Insertion loss
  • Degree of isolation
  • Return loss
  • Operating wavelength
  • Optical bandwidth
  • Requirements for input polarization
  • Maximum optical power

For instance: A 1480nm polarization-maintaining isolator is an optical isolator that operates at a wavelength of 1480nm, while maintaining the state of polarization.

An ideal PM optical isolator is characterized by:

  • Low insertion loss
  • High degree of isolation
  • High extinction ratio
  • High return loss
  • High precision
  • Wide attenuation range

While many optical isolators are used with free-space beams, others are coupled to waveguides, i.e. optical fibers.

What is an optical isolator used for?

1. Semiconductor laser: An optical isolator is mainly used for avoiding unwanted optical reflections, also called feedback. For example, a single-frequency semiconductor laser is highly sensitive to external optical feedback. Even a very low level of optical reflection can result in a substantial increase in laser phase noise, intensity of noise, and wavelength instability. That’s why an optical isolator is needed at the output of each laser diode in applications

2.  Fiber Amplifier: Another example where an optical isolator is needed is a fiber amplifier. In such amplifiers, we need unidirectional optical amplification. Bidirectional optical amplification due to optical gain medium can lead to self-oscillation if external optical reflections from connectors and other optical components are strong enough. The use of optical isolators is common among erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) deployed in lightwave systems.

3. Polarizers: Some tunable isolators are designed to adjust the angular orientation of polarizers and optimize the isolation for different wavelengths. In that way, a single device can be used to cover a broad wavelength region.

4. High-Power Applications: Some optical isolators can work at very high optical power levels and thus, are suitable to be used in high-power applications. These high-power optical isolators are used where optical damage may occur due to high peak powers.

5. Fiber Lasers: PM optical isolators are widely used in fiber lasers to avoid unwanted feedback and prevent the possible damage caused by optical reflections while improving amplification.

6. Fiber communication: Laser diodes that are used in fiber communication systems are susceptible to reflected light from the fiber. Hence, PM optical isolators play a great role in fiber communication systems.

The uses and applications of polarization-maintaining isolators are continually increasing as the demand for fiber lasers and fiber communications is increasing in the market.

How can high-power circulators increase network capacity?

As the demand for fiber optics networks is rapidly growing, more businesses and network service providers are looking for ways to increase the capacity of their networks. One traditional way to increase the capacity of a fiber network is to install more optical fiber cables. However, this can be extremely expensive and thus, limits the ability to cater to the increasing demand for more data and bandwidth.

However, the ongoing research and development in optical passive components have now made it possible to double the network capacity without installing additional optical fibers. The one small component that has made it possible to double the capacity of a fiber network is a high-power circulator.

What are high-power circulators?

High-power circulators are non-reciprocal optical passive components that route incoming optical signals from one port to the next port while blocking transmission from one port to the previous port. It can handle high levels of optical power and is specifically designed for high-power applications, including communication, fiber lasers, etc.

Some examples of high-power circulators are:

  • 100W 1064nm high-power circulators
  • 30W 1550nm high-power PM circulators
  • 10W 2000nm 3-port high-power PM optical circulator s

How do high-power circulators increase network capacity?

The use of high-power circulators provides the ease and convenience of doubling the transmission capacity of a fiber optic network without requiring optical fiber cables. High-power optical circulators are three-port, non-reciprocating, and unidirectional devices that help you achieve bidirectional propagation of light signals in a single fiber. Besides, they also result in obtaining low insertion loss and low crosstalk between two channels.

Typically, bidirectional optical links can be operated in full-duplex or half-duplex mode. In full-duplex, optical signals can be sent and received simultaneously. On the other hand, in half duplex mode, optical signals can be either sent or received but not both at the same time. A half-duplex transmission can be achieved by using either single or double fibers and a full-duplex transmission is implemented by using two fibers.

However, by using high-power circulators, bidirectional transmission can be done through a single fiber, thus, minimizing the amount of optical fiber needed and maximizing the transmission of optical signals over a single fiber.

As a result, it also helps eliminate the need for more powerful transmitters, more sensitive receivers, and more optical amplifiers, making the whole fiber network more economical. The cost is further reduced because high-power circulators can be obtained at cheaper prices.

To increase the isolation and extinction ratio of optical circulators, birefringent crystals, such as Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG), are used to design these components.

Multi-port high-power circulators, such as 3-port high-power circulators, act as a roundabout for light where each input port is routed to exactly one output port in a non-reciprocal fashion. As a result, integrated circulators can double the network capacity in many data centers and telecommunication networks.

At DK Photonics, you can buy a wide range of high-power circulators, such as TTG-based 1064nm high-power circulators, 1030nm high-power circulators, 1080nm high-power circulators, and more. If you don’t find the specifications you need for high-power circulators for your application, please feel free to contact us.