OPTICAL FIBER Archives - DK Photonics Blog

What is the EDFA’s operational Range?

Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFAs) are key components in optical communication systems for improving signal transmission over long distances. In fiber-optic networks, EDFAs are frequently employed to increase optical signal power and make up for signal loss. In this blog post, we will discuss EDFAs’ operational range as well as their capabilities, constraints, and major performance determinants.

Understanding EDFAs: EDFAs are optical amplifiers that magnify optical signals in the C-band wavelength region, typically between 1530 nm and 1565 nm, using erbium-doped fibers. The erbium-doped fiber is amplified by being pumped by a powerful pump laser operating at a different wavelength, commonly 980 nm or 1480 nm. The pump light energy is absorbed by the erbium ions as the signal travels through the erbium-doped fiber and is then released as amplified signals at the required wavelength.

Operating Scope: The range of signal power levels and input signal properties within which the amplifier may function efficiently is referred to as the operational range of EDFAs. To obtain peak performance and prevent distortion or amplifier damage, it is essential to make sure that the input signal power is within the operational range.

Signal Power Range: The input signal power level has a dynamic range for EDFAs. They frequently work in the few microwatts to few milliwatts range. The type of EDFA, pump power, and gain control method are some of the variables that affect the precise power range. Operating below the minimum power level could result in amplifier damage while exceeding the maximum power level could cause signal distortion and perhaps irreversible damage.

Range of Wavelengths: Signals in the C-band wavelength range, which includes wavelengths between 1530 nm and 1565 nm, can be amplified by EDFAs. Due to its low attenuation properties in optical fibers, this wavelength range is frequently utilized in optical communication systems. Amplification outside of this range may result in decreased performance and signal deterioration because EDFAs are designed for this particular wavelength range.

Factors Affecting EDFA Performance:

The following variables may influence how well EDFAs perform within their operational range:

Pump Power and Configuration: The gain and overall performance of the EDFA are greatly influenced by the pump power and configuration of the pump lasers used to excite the erbium ions. In order to maintain the desired signal amplification without adding too much noise or distortion, the pump power level should be carefully adjusted.

Fibre Length and Quality: The amplifier’s performance is affected by the erbium-doped fiber’s length and quality. Higher gain can be achieved with longer fibers, however, dispersion effects may also cause extra signal distortions. Additionally, the performance of the amplifier as a whole, including noise figure and gain flatness, is influenced by the quality and purity of the fiber.

Conclusion:

Long-distance optical communication has undergone a revolution thanks to EDFAs, which make it possible to amplify optical signals in the C-band spectrum. For the deployment and optimization of optical communication systems, it is essential to comprehend the operational range of EDFAs, including the signal power range, wavelength range, and input signal characteristics. Network operators can achieve dependable and effective signal amplification, ensuring smooth transmission over long distances, by sticking to the operational range and taking into account elements that affect EDFA performance.

What are Different Types of Components in Fiber Optic Systems?

Fiber-optic communication is the ideal choice for the transmission of data beyond gigabits. It is used to transmit all kinds of data in form of light signals over long distances for efficient and fast communication. A fiber-optic system uses lightwave technology to transmit data over fiber cables at low attenuation and maximum transmission security.

To transmit light signals over optical fiber in fiber optic communication and fiber laser systems, there are a lot of components such as a 1064nm bandpass filter, polarization optical isolator, single-mode fused coupler, and many more for accurate and efficient light signal transmission. Here’re some of the most widely used fiber optic components in fiber optic systems:

Single-Mode Fused Coupler: Single-mode fused couplers are used to split a portion of a light signal. They are widely used in transmission equipment and amplifier power control systems for feedback control and performance monitoring. Single-mode fused couplers are available in a wide range of length, polarization-dependent loss value, split ratio, sensitivity, and packaging to meet different types of applications in optical networks.

Band Pass Filter: Bandpass filters are used to block unwanted signals in fiber communication and laser systems. Some of the common characteristics of bandpass filters include high return loss, low insertion loss, high isolation, high-power handling capability, and excellent environmental stability. They are extensively used in fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, high-speed communication systems, and instrumentation applications. Some examples of bandpass filters are the 1064nm bandpass filter, 1030nm bandpass filter, and 1053nm bandpass filter.

Polarization Insensitive Optical Isolator: It is an optical device that guides light in one direction and reflects back unwanted scattered and reflected light signals at any polarization state. Optical isolators have the characteristics such as high isolation, low insertion loss, and high return loss. They are widely used fiber lasers, EDFAs, transmitters, Raman amplifiers, and fiber optic communication systems to eliminate back reflection and backscattering. They are available in a wide range of wavelength and power handling to meet different requirements.

Polarization Insensitive Optical Circulator: It is a high-performance optical device that is used to route incoming signals to different ports. For example, if you want to route an incoming light signal from port 1 to port 2, optical circulators act as signal routers to route light signals from an input fiber to output fibe.

Faraday Mirror: It is a passive optical device that provides rotation of the input light at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees depending on the polarization state. It is widely used in measurement applications and fiber optic networks to eliminate the polarization sensitivity of the system. Faraday mirrors are extensively used in Brillouin amplifier systems, fiber interferometers, fiber optic antenna remoting systems, and fiber laser systems.

Pump and Signal Combiner: It is an optical device designed for high-power applications with exceptional characteristics. They can combine multiple pump lasers into one fiber to create a high-power laser source for applications in industries like the military, telecommunication, and medical.

These are some of the most common optical components used in fiber-optic networks, amplifiers, transmitters, optic laser systems, and other fiber optic communication systems across industries. At DK Photonics, we sell optical components in a wide range of wavelengths, lose value, power handling capability, and sensitivity to meet custom requirements. You can also contact us with your desired specifications and quote a custom component as per your unique requirement. We can help you with all kinds of custom solutions to meet your fiber optic system requirements.

Selection Guideline for Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator

There are very many passive components involved in fiber optical networks and an optical circulator is among the top options. These components help in signal delivery without any failure thus remain to be very important. When used, the optical circulator will direct the signals between different ports but maintaining a single direction. There will be no chances of the signal going in a different direction that was not intended.

Two-way situations apply

However, that does not make it a one-direction device only. There are rare situations where you can have the circulator used in a two-way situation. When there is an optical signal sent by the circulator in two different directions, the fiber is usually one. You will have the circulator fixed on the two ends of the fiber and will function by adding a signal in one end while removing from the opposite end.

Whenever you are choosing a Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator to use, there are very many things that must be put into serious consideration. That will be the benchmark on which your choices will be based upon. Features must be one of the things that you look out for in an ideal optical circulator. The good thing is that such a circulator comes loaded with more features to make your experience remarkable.

Consider different applications

The circulator comes with two main high-power options to choose from. You can go for either 1550nm or 1064nm depending on your needs. The other standout features for Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator include epoxy-free optical path and compact inline package. There are additional features that as well make the circulator a unique choice compared to other alternatives available.

The other thing to look at includes applications which play a key role in the functioning of an optical circulator. Main applications that you should pay attention to are bidirectional pumping, fiber sensors, add-drop multiplexing, bidirectional signal transmission systems as well as coupling inline chromatic dispersion compensation devices.

With these applications, you are sure that your circulator will give out an optimal performance. You can have a Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator used in multiple optical settings thus it will offer you limitless options. That is because they are unidirectional and non-reciprocating while their availability as three-port makes the circulator even more suitable. Do you know that it’s possible to use optical circulators in communication systems that are more advanced? Well, that is yet another of their biggest advantage over other types of circulators.

Get optimal performance

That is made possible by the fact that optical circulators come with a very small insertion loss while their isolation levels are very high. When used in advanced systems of communication, the circulators will come as any of the common applications. The result you get from using Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulator will depend largely on how you have chosen to use it. If you make your decision well, the result will be good but if not then you will get a different result. It will all depend on your choices.

The Comparative Between Fiber Laser Cutting Machine and CO2 Cutting Machine

Cutting is one of the most widely applied laser processing techniques. Fiber laser and CO2 laser are the most commonly used laser cutting equipment. It is necessary for users to have a knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of both the two ways of cutting.

Source : fe.infn

Wavelength of fiber laser is 1.06μm and Wavelength of CO2 laser is 10.6μm. Both are infrared light and can be absorbed by material so that they can be applied in Industrial material processing. Fiber laser is unable to be applied in non-metal cutting, such as wood, plastic, leather and ramie cotton fabric. In case of non-metal cutting, CO2 laser is the only choice. But CO2 laser cannot cut copper products, including brass and red copper. Because copper is highly reflective material for CO2 laser, laser will be reflected instead of absorbed by copper, which can cause harm.

Laser is evaluated by integrated index as cutting speed, drilling efficiency and section quality.

Fiber laser has an advantage in cutting thin plate, especially for thickness under 3mm. Its maximum cutting speed ratio can reach to 4:1 and 6mm is critical thickness for the two kinds of lasers. When it is thicker than 6mm, fiber laser shows no preferential; as the thickness increases, CO2 laser shows preferential gradually but not outstandingly. Generally speaking, fiber laser has an advantage in cutting speed.

Drilling efficiency:

Before cutting, laser beam should penetrate workpiece. Fiber laser needs more time in drilling than CO2 laser. Take 3KW optical fiber laser and CO2 laser as an example, The latter saves 1 second in drilling 8mm carbon steel; and 2 seconds in 10mm drilling. As thickness grows, CO2 laser will save more time.

Source : nufern

Section quality:

Section quality usually means the roughness (surface perfection) and perpendicularity.

When cutting steel plate under 3mm, section quality of fiber laser is worse then CO2. As thickness grows, the difference becomes more obvious.

In addition, carbon steel plate has high absorptivity on fiber laser energy, so it has shortcoming in cutting holes (aperture < panel thickness).

The above comparison will help users make a reasonable choice. The cutting speed of the two lasers is equally matched. Fiber laser is inferior to Co2 laser in section quality and drilling efficiency. There is no quick answer to which is better. They both have advantages and disadvantages in specific application demands.

By the way, laser cutting precision has nothing to do with the adoption of lasers. It is determined by machine positioning precision, resetting precision and consistency of kerf width. Fiber laser has narrower kerf than CO2. Kerf width doesn’t affect precision of the parts either, since it can be offset by cutting gap compensation.

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for fiber laser applications such as 1064nm high power isolator, Cladding Power Stripper, Multimode High Power Isolator, pump combiner,1064nm Band-pass Filter,(6+1)X1 Pump and Signal Combiner, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, optical Coupler. More information, please contact us.

The Modern Data Center – Modular Data Center

The modern data center is a complex place. The proliferation of mobile devices, like tablets and smartphones, place an ever-increasing pressure on the IT departments and data centers. End-user and customers’ expectation levels have never been higher and the demand for data shows no sign of slowing down. Data center managers must manage all of these elements while also remaining efficient and keeping costs under control. So where does the data center go from here?

One thing I have noticed in the evolution of the modern data center is that the facilities are gaining importance; improving energy efficiency and IT management have come to the forefront. Maximizing the organization’s resources is vital, and that means delivering more to facilities and equipment without expending more on staffing. IDC forecasts that during the next two years, 25 percent of all large and mid-sized businesses will address the power and cooling facility mismatches in their data centers with new IT systems and put a 75 percent cap on data center space used. So there again is the crucial challenge of doing more and innovating while keeping budgets and spend under control.

Another key part of the next generation data center mix is automation. Today’s data center manager is engaged in sourcing the right automation tools that will help them manage energy consumption and add new technology without disrupting normal operations. These are a few of the key challenges in the modern data center—so data center managers and IT departments must find ways to address them.

Where does the Data Center Go Next?

At the heart of data center evolution is the information technology sector’s rapid rate of change. Many new products and services must be implemented with much less time to value, and data centers need to be agile enough to assess and accommodate them all. If you examine enterprise data centers, then you might observe the ways that cloud computing and hyperscale innovations are displacing traditional enterprise systems, with new paradigms pioneered by innovators like Amazon and Google. With new options being developed, enterprises now have to chart strategies for cloud computing, including public, private or hybrid cloud. Gauging where the technology will go next is difficult to tell. Will the traditional vendors, such as Cisco and EMC, prevail or will new paradigms from Nutanix or Simplivity disrupt and displace these traditional data center dominators?

The race is on to manage the rapid rate of change while also staying agile, meeting end-user expectations and managing costs. For example, data center managers must handle the level of capacity their data center requires while ensuring they don’t overspend on unused capacity. This is where the focus on data center design comes into play.

Taking the Data Center Forward

These specific needs and challenges that the modern data center faces require working with the right tools and solutions. Modular, purpose-built data center infrastructure allows organizations to develop data center services based on need—when capacity rises and where capacity is needed. For example, we’ve observed in Singapore that most data centers operate slightly above 2.1 Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). This means that companies spend more on cooling their data center rather than on operating and powering the IT equipment. It is a simple challenge—drive efficiency without impacting operations. You want to drive PUE down to approximately 1.06, regardless of where you need to operate, and reap huge energy savings while better serving customers. If done right, there is a positive environmental impact.

Changing the paradigm of the traditional data center enables organizations to reap these rewards. Assessing and establishing business objectives that reflect what is possible, rather than what always has been or what is easier and more comfortable, has led to innovative services and new business models that reset the competitive standards for everyone. Better PUE is a mandatory step in this process. The PUE journey continues as evidenced by Amazon, which had recently taken to harnessing wind to power its data centers. Modular data centers will play a major part in this PUE journey, thanks to more efficient use of energy and greater flexible support for resiliency and compute density.

Can I use single mode equipment over multimode cable and vice versa?

This is a question we get many times from our customers. Especially common is a situation, in older installations, back to the times when multimode cable was cheaper than single mode, and inside buildings, and some last mile installations were planned so, that multimode cables were laid.

Answer is not that easy, to answer simply yes or no. Let’s delve in a details.

Definitions:

SONET – Synchronous Optical Network
SMF – SingleMode Fiber
MMF – MultiMode Fiber
LED – Light Emitting Diode
DMD – Differential Mode Delay
Mode –

light rays entering the fiber at the particular angle;
paths of different length and transmission delays that travel through the cable.

SMF is using laser as a source for the light and therefore light beam is very concentrated. It allows higher bandwidth compared to MMF, while having greater transmission distance.

MMF is typically using LEDs for transmission of the optical signal. It is clear from the name, that it uses multiple modes of light at the same time. Entry angles differ for each mode of the light resulting in different speeds and distances that signal can travel.

Single mode vs Multimode

It is possible to interconnect two devices using SMF interface at one end and MMF receiver at another one. But here, many depends also on devices. Like for example ,more sophisticated routers, like Huawei, Alcatel or Cisco while supporting that at physical layer, will not support it at TA. Problem is in DMD that may occur when two different modes are directly coupled. Degradation of the bandwidth also decreases the distance supported for transmission. Also, SMF transmitter should be calibrated in a way so the SMF signal would not overdrive MMF receiver.

Solution: Using the intermediate switch with SMF and MMF interfaces that is able to convert the signals is a good alternative.

If you use simple devices, such as video over fiber, or media converters, then it depends, what wavelength are used for your equipment. The trick here is that as we know, single-mode fibers used in telecommunications operate at 1310 or 1550 nm and require bit (now only a little bit) more expensive laser sources, and in older equipment MMF wavelength used were 850 nm.

And if you have this kind of transceivers, then it won’t work over your single mode cable. If you have a newer generation media converters, which use 1300 nm lasers, it will most likely work.

Table 1. Most common wavelengths (non WDM, CWDM or DWDM) used in optical transmission systems.

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as PLC Splitter, WDM, FWDM, CWDM, DWDM, OADM,Optical Circulator, Isolator, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, Fused Coupler, Fused WDM, Collimator, Optical Switch and Polarization Maintaining Components, Pump Combiner, High power isolator, Patch Cord and all kinds of connectors.

Comparation Between EPON and GPON

With the continuous progress of science and technology, the Internet has gradually gone into the homes of the ordinary people, and the speed of broadband has increasingly become the topic of people in the entertainment and work often, from narrowband dial-up to broadband Internet, and then the fiber access Internet, broadband network, the rapid pace of PON technology gradually come to the front. Currently, there are two quite compelling PON standard has been officially released, which are GPON standard developed by the ITU / FSAN and EPON standard developed by IEEE 802.3ah working group. PON technology has been no doubt the ultimate solution for the future FTTH era. EPON and GPON who will the dominant FTTH tide has become a new hot debate. What’s the difference between EPON and GPON?

GPON and EPON Differences

Perhaps the most dramatic distinction between the two protocols is a marked difference in architectural approach. GPON provides three Layer 2 networks: ATM for voice, Ethernet for data, and proprietary encapsulation for voice. EPON, on the other hand, employs a single Layer 2 network that uses IP to carry data, voice, and video.

A multiprotocol transport solution supports the GPON structure (Figure 1). Using ATM technology, virtual circuits are provisioned for different types of services sent from a central office location primarily to business end users. This type of transport provides high-quality service, but involves significant overhead because virtual circuits need to be provisioned for each type of service. Additionally, GPON equipment requires multiple protocol conversions, segmentation and reassembly (SAR), virtual channel (VC) termination and point-to-point protocol (PPP).

Figure 1: Diagram showing a typical GPON network.

EPON provides seamless connectivity for any type of IP-based or other “packetized” “communications” (Figure 2). Since Ethernet devices are ubiquitous from the home network all the way through to regional, national and worldwide backbone networks, implementation of EPONs can be highly cost-effective. Furthermore, based on continuing advances in the transfer rate of Ethernet-based transport — now up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet — EPON service levels for customers are scalable from T1 (1.5 Mbit/s) up through 1 Gbit/s.

Figure 2: Diagram showing a typical EPON network.

Upstream Bandwidth

Subtracting the various system run overhead from the total bandwidth of the system uplink transmission is the upstream available bandwidth. It has a great relationship with the number of the ONU contained in the system, DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation) algorithm polling cycle, the type of bearer services, as well as the various business proportion. EPON and GPON are broadband access technology, hosted business IP data services. Below we will calculate the uplink the beared pure IP services available bandwidth of EPON and GPON that contain 32 ONUs, fiber optic coupler,the case of polling period 750s.

EPON

EPON upstream rate is 1.25 Gbit/s. Because the 8B/10B line coding, each 10bit are 8bit valid data, so its effective upstream transmission bandwidth is 1 Gbit/s. EPON upstream overhead of running the system and its proportion of the total bandwidth are as following:

1. Used for the the burst reception of physical layer overhead: about 3.5%;

2. Ethernet frame encapsulation overhead: about 7.4%;

3. MPCP (Multi-Point Control Protocol) and OAM operation and management of maintenance protocol overhead: about 2.9%;

4. DBA algorithm resulting in the remaining time slots (that is not sufficient to transfer a complete Ethernet frame time slot) wasted: about 0.6%;

5. EPON upstream total overhead is all of the above about 144 Mbit/s, the available bandwidth is about 856 Mbit/s.

GPON

GPON supports a variety of rate levels, has asymmetric rate that downlink is 2.5Gbps or 1.25Gbps, the upgoing is 1.25Gbps or 622 Mbps. NRZ encoding the uplink total bandwidth for 1.244 Gbit/s, GPON upstream overhead of running the system as following:

1. The proportion of its total bandwidth is used for the the burst reception of physical layer overhead: about 2.0%;

2. GEM (GPON encapsulation method) frame and the Ethernet frame encapsulation overhead: about 5.8%;

3. The PLOAM (physical layer operation, management and maintenance) protocol overhead: about 2.1%;

4. Remaining slots of the DBA algorithm introduced the additional encapsulation overhead: about 0.8%.

5. GPON upstream total overhead is all of the above about 133 Mbit/s, the available bandwidth about 1111 Mbit/s.

What is Passive Optical Network?

Passive Optical Network (PON) is a form of fiber-optic access network that uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. A PON system consists of an OLT at the service provider’s central office and a number of ONU units near end users, with an ODN between the OLT and ONU. PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures.

PON Optical Network — Passive Optical Network (PON)

The most obvious advantage of the PON network is the elimination of the outdoor active devices. All the signals processing functions are completed in the switches and the user premises equipment. The upfront investment of this access methods are small, and the most funds investment is postponed until the user really access. Its transmission distance is shorter than the active optical access system. The coverage is also smaller, but it is low cost, no need to set the engine room, and easy to maintain. So this structure can be economically serve for the home users.

PON Development Background

Seen from the entire network structures, due to the larger numbers of laying optical fibers, and widely applications of DWDM technology, the backbone network has been a breakthrough in the development. The same time, due to advances in Ethernet technology, its dominant LAN bandwidth has increased from 10M, 100M to 1G or 10G.. At present, what we are concerned about is the part between the network backbone and local area networks, home users; this is often said that the “last mile”, which a bottleneck is. Must break this bottleneck, may user in the new world of the online world. It is as if in a national highway system, trunk and regional roads have been built in the broad high-grade highway, but leads to the families and businesses of the door was still narrow winding path, the efficiency of the road network cannot play.

2018 global optical networking market will reach $ 17.5 billion

Market research firm Ovum, said a new optical network investment cycle is happening in addition to EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa) outside of all regions. Currently still dominate the market growth in North America, and the Asia-Pacific regions are also increasing investment spending, South and Central America is also true, but in 2013 the EMEA region again declined.

Ovum predicts that by 2018 the global optical networking market will reach $ 17.5 billion, the forecast period CAGR of 3.1%.

Unchanged after two consecutive years, 2013 North American optical networking market spending will grow 9.1%. Currently, in North America a service providers and cable operators are investing in the core network to the network can meet the needs of all types of traffic, in this area is also being deployed 100G.

In contrast, in the EMEA region, 2013 year optical network market shrank by nearly 10%. As in Europe, there is no corresponding expenses incurred in the EMEA region is leading the market decline.

100G become major trends:

Ovum said that in the EMEA region, the optical networking market in the past five years, spending four years in a decline in its lack of investment and the current phenomenon of more and more serious. However, service providers are expanding their networks, and a chronic lack of investment spending in the region will eventually happen.

2013, we have seen large-scale WDM systems selected 100G. And 100G sales are increasing; currently 100G spending has more than 40G.

Application of optical communication is still broad prospects

Once the Nortel global leader in fiber optic communications during the Internet bubble in 2000, the money in the acquisition of a large number of optical communications research and the production of small and medium enterprises, the industry has been criticized in the subsequent bankruptcy of Nortel. In fact, Nortel grasp of technology trends, the direction is right, unfortunately, Nortel too hasty, global demand for optical communication was not to such an extent.

But now the situation is very different compared with around 2000. The rapid development of mobile Internet and the widespread popularity of smart mobile terminal equipment, being a huge challenge to the global telecommunications network capacity, transmission speed. The era of “data flood peak to optical communication technology has always been known by the transmission bit of new development opportunities and a huge space. Optical communication technology not only did not fall behind, the contrary, the optical communication industry chain, from fiber optic cable system equipment, terminal equipment to optical devices, a critical period in the comprehensive technology upgrade.

The field of optical communication is a noteworthy event, the National Development and Reform Commission recently organizing the preparation of strategic emerging industries key products and services Guidance Catalogue, which in conjunction with the relevant departments, the optical communication technology and product responsibility and selected emerging industries of strategic focus products.

In fiber optics, including FTTx G.657 optical fiber, broadband long-distance high speed large capacity optical fiber transmission with G.656 optical fiber, photonic crystal fiber, rare earth doped fiber (including ytterbium doped fiber, erbium doped fiber and thulium doped fiber, etc.) the laser energy transmission fiber, and has some special properties of new optical fiber, plastic optical fiber, polymer optical fiber is fully finalists. The upgrade of the fiber optic technology, will bring the data transmission capacity, distance, quality leap.

In the field of fiber access equipment, passive optical network (PON), wavelength division multiplexer (WDM),OLT and ONU on the list. Optical transmission equipment, especially the line rate of 40 Gbit/s, 100Gbit/s large capacity (1.6Tb/s and abobe) DWDM equipment, reconfigurable optical bifurcation Multiplexer (ROADM) wavelength division multiplexing system ran cross-connect (OXC) equipment, large-capacity high-speed OTN optical transport network equipment as well as packetized enhanced OTN equipment, PTN packet transport network equipment also impressively. These products are “broadband China” works to promote a powerful weapon; both long-distance backbone network, metropolitan area network or access network even close to the user’s “last mile” of these products will come in handy.

The major products are classified as strategic emerging industries in the field of optical devices, high-speed optical components (active and passive). This is the core and foundation of the field of optical communication technology, device development, the improvement of integration, function enhancement can bring significantly reduce the cost of system equipment and provide a performance boost.

At the same time, the annual OFC / NFOEC (fiber-optic communications exhibition) will be held in late March in California. This event will showcase the latest technology and research progress of the global optical component modules, systems, networks and fiber optic products, represents a new trend of development of optical communication technology.

100G for ultra-high-speed network technology is the current OFC hot one. 2012 100G technology on a global scale backbone network level scale application of 100G optical network applications will rapidly expand with the 100G device further mature. In the same time, the industry has also increased efforts to develop the 100G optical modules, silicon photonics technology pluggable multi-source agreement 100G CFP MSA CPAK optical module has been available. Outside the backbone network, 100G MAN application is the current one of OFC discussion topic.

The rise of cloud computing brings data center construction boom, 100G technology in the data center is a popular data center for high-speed pluggable optical devices is also a hot topic. Experts believe that photonic technology has a key role to play in the large enterprise data centers, but this is only a start, the size of the new cloud computing data center such as a warehouse, with more than 100,000 servers carrying the computing and storage resources, the required network bandwidth than PB level. These data centers only optical communications technology in order to achieve VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting lasers) and multi-mode fiber has played an important role, and will continue to introduce new fiber optic communication technology.