Optical fiber communication Archives

Comparation Between EPON and GPON

With the continuous progress of science and technology, the Internet has gradually gone into the homes of the ordinary people, and the speed of broadband has increasingly become the topic of people in the entertainment and work often, from narrowband dial-up to broadband Internet, and then the fiber access Internet, broadband network, the rapid pace of PON technology gradually come to the front. Currently, there are two quite compelling PON standard has been officially released, which are GPON standard developed by the ITU / FSAN and EPON standard developed by IEEE 802.3ah working group. PON technology has been no doubt the ultimate solution for the future FTTH era. EPON and GPON who will the dominant FTTH tide has become a new hot debate. What’s the difference between EPON and GPON?

GPON and EPON Differences

Perhaps the most dramatic distinction between the two protocols is a marked difference in architectural approach. GPON provides three Layer 2 networks: ATM for voice, Ethernet for data, and proprietary encapsulation for voice. EPON, on the other hand, employs a single Layer 2 network that uses IP to carry data, voice, and video.

A multiprotocol transport solution supports the GPON structure (Figure 1). Using ATM technology, virtual circuits are provisioned for different types of services sent from a central office location primarily to business end users. This type of transport provides high-quality service, but involves significant overhead because virtual circuits need to be provisioned for each type of service. Additionally, GPON equipment requires multiple protocol conversions, segmentation and reassembly (SAR), virtual channel (VC) termination and point-to-point protocol (PPP).

Figure 1: Diagram showing a typical GPON network.

EPON provides seamless connectivity for any type of IP-based or other “packetized” “communications” (Figure 2). Since Ethernet devices are ubiquitous from the home network all the way through to regional, national and worldwide backbone networks, implementation of EPONs can be highly cost-effective. Furthermore, based on continuing advances in the transfer rate of Ethernet-based transport — now up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet — EPON service levels for customers are scalable from T1 (1.5 Mbit/s) up through 1 Gbit/s.

Figure 2: Diagram showing a typical EPON network.

Upstream Bandwidth

Subtracting the various system run overhead from the total bandwidth of the system uplink transmission is the upstream available bandwidth. It has a great relationship with the number of the ONU contained in the system, DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation) algorithm polling cycle, the type of bearer services, as well as the various business proportion. EPON and GPON are broadband access technology, hosted business IP data services. Below we will calculate the uplink the beared pure IP services available bandwidth of EPON and GPON that contain 32 ONUs, fiber optic coupler,the case of polling period 750s.

EPON

EPON upstream rate is 1.25 Gbit/s. Because the 8B/10B line coding, each 10bit are 8bit valid data, so its effective upstream transmission bandwidth is 1 Gbit/s. EPON upstream overhead of running the system and its proportion of the total bandwidth are as following:

1. Used for the the burst reception of physical layer overhead: about 3.5%;

2. Ethernet frame encapsulation overhead: about 7.4%;

3. MPCP (Multi-Point Control Protocol) and OAM operation and management of maintenance protocol overhead: about 2.9%;

4. DBA algorithm resulting in the remaining time slots (that is not sufficient to transfer a complete Ethernet frame time slot) wasted: about 0.6%;

5. EPON upstream total overhead is all of the above about 144 Mbit/s, the available bandwidth is about 856 Mbit/s.

GPON

GPON supports a variety of rate levels, has asymmetric rate that downlink is 2.5Gbps or 1.25Gbps, the upgoing is 1.25Gbps or 622 Mbps. NRZ encoding the uplink total bandwidth for 1.244 Gbit/s, GPON upstream overhead of running the system as following:

1. The proportion of its total bandwidth is used for the the burst reception of physical layer overhead: about 2.0%;

2. GEM (GPON encapsulation method) frame and the Ethernet frame encapsulation overhead: about 5.8%;

3. The PLOAM (physical layer operation, management and maintenance) protocol overhead: about 2.1%;

4. Remaining slots of the DBA algorithm introduced the additional encapsulation overhead: about 0.8%.

5. GPON upstream total overhead is all of the above about 133 Mbit/s, the available bandwidth about 1111 Mbit/s.

Relative Terms In PON System

ODN (Optical Distribution Network)

ODN is a FTTH fiber optic cable network based on PON equipment. Its role is to provide optical transmission channel between the OLT and ONU. Accroding the function, ODN from the central office to the client can be divided into four parts: feeder fiber optic subsystems, cable wiring subsystem, home line of fiber optic subsystems and fiber terminal subsystems. The main components in ODN include optical fibers, optical connectors, optical splitters and corresponding equipments for installing them.

OLT (Optical line terminal)

OLT is a terminal equipment connected to the fiber backbone. It sends Ethernet data to the ONU, initiates and controls the ranging process, and records the ranging information. OLT allocates bandwidth to the ONU and controls the starting time and the transmission window size of the ONU transmission data.

ONU (Optical network unit)

ONU is a generic term denoting a device that terminates any one of the endpoints of a fiber to the premises network, implements a passive optical network (PON) protocol, and adapts PON PDUs to subscriber service interfaces. In some contexts, ONU implies a multiple subscriber device. Optical Network Terminal (ONT) is a special case of ONU that serves a single subscriber.

APON / BPON

APON (ATM PON) is the first PON system that achieved significant commercial deployment with an electrical layer built on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). BPON (Broadband PON) is the enhanced subsequence of APON, with the transmission speed up to 622Mb/s. At the same time, it added the dynamic bandwidth distribution, protection and other functions. APON/BPON systems typically have downstream capacity of 155 Mbps or 622 Mbps, with the latter now the most common.

GPON

GPON (Gigabit PON) is based on the TU-TG.984.x standard for the new generations of broadband passive optical access. Compared with the other PON standards, GPON provides the unprecedented high bandwidth downlink rate of up to 2.5 Gbit/s, the asymmetric features better adapt to the broadband data services market. It provides the QoS full business protection, at the same time carries ATM cells and (or) GEM frame, the good service level, the ability to support QoS assurance and service access. Carrying GEM frame, TDM traffic can be mapped to the GEM frame, 8kHz using a standard frame able to support TDM services. As a carrier-grade technology standards, GPON also provides access network level protection mechanism and full OAM functions. GPON is widely deployed in FTTH networks. It can develop into two directions which is 10 GPON and WDM-PON.

WDM-PON

WDM-PON uses wavelength division multiplexing technology to access to the passive optical network. It has four programs as following:

1. Each ONU is assigned with a pair of wavelength, for uplink and downlink transmission, thereby providing the OLT to each ONU fixed virtual point-to-point bidirectional connections.

2. ONU uses tunable lasers, according to the needs of the ONU to dynamically allocate the wavelength, and each ONU can be shared the wavelength, the network are reconfigurable.

3. Using colorless ONUs, the ONU are independent from the wavelength.

4. Using a combination of TDM and WDM technology, Composite PON (CPON). CPON uses WDM technology in the downstream, and TDMA technology in the upstream.

EPON / GEPON

EPON (Ethernet PON) is the rival activity to GPON which uses Ethernet packets instead of ATM cells. GEPON uses 1 gigabit per second upstream and downstream rates. It is a fast Ethernet over PONs which are point to multipoint to the premises (FTTP) or FTTH architecture in which single optical fiber is used to serve multiple premises or users. EPON is an emerging broadband access technology, through a single fiber-optic access system, to access the data, voice and video service, and it has a good economy.

What is Passive Optical Network?

Passive Optical Network (PON) is a form of fiber-optic access network that uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. A PON system consists of an OLT at the service provider’s central office and a number of ONU units near end users, with an ODN between the OLT and ONU. PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures.

PON Optical Network — Passive Optical Network (PON)

The most obvious advantage of the PON network is the elimination of the outdoor active devices. All the signals processing functions are completed in the switches and the user premises equipment. The upfront investment of this access methods are small, and the most funds investment is postponed until the user really access. Its transmission distance is shorter than the active optical access system. The coverage is also smaller, but it is low cost, no need to set the engine room, and easy to maintain. So this structure can be economically serve for the home users.

PON Development Background

Seen from the entire network structures, due to the larger numbers of laying optical fibers, and widely applications of DWDM technology, the backbone network has been a breakthrough in the development. The same time, due to advances in Ethernet technology, its dominant LAN bandwidth has increased from 10M, 100M to 1G or 10G.. At present, what we are concerned about is the part between the network backbone and local area networks, home users; this is often said that the “last mile”, which a bottleneck is. Must break this bottleneck, may user in the new world of the online world. It is as if in a national highway system, trunk and regional roads have been built in the broad high-grade highway, but leads to the families and businesses of the door was still narrow winding path, the efficiency of the road network cannot play.

What is OADM? How much do you know?

The OADM, or optical add drop multiplexer, is a aperture into and out of a distinct approach fiber. In practice, best signals canyon through the device, but some would be “dropped” by agreeable them from the line. Signals basic at that point can be “added” into the band and directed to addition destination. An OADM may be advised to be a specific blazon of optical cross-connect, broadly acclimated in amicableness analysis multiplexing systems for multiplexing and acquisition cilia optic signals. They selectively add and bead alone or sets of amicableness channels from a close amicableness analysis multiplexing (DWDM) multi-channel stream. OADMs are acclimated to bulk finer admission allotment of the bandwidth in the optical area actuality anesthetized through the in-line amplifiers with the minimum bulk of electronics.

OADMs accept acquiescent and alive modes depending on the wavelength. In acquiescent OADM, the add and bead wavelengths are anchored advanced while in activating mode, OADM can be set to any amicableness afterwards installation. Acquiescent OADM uses Filter WDM, cilia gratings, and collapsed waveguides in networks with WDM systems. Activating OADM can baddest any amicableness by accessories on appeal after alteration its concrete configuration. It is additionally beneath big-ticket and added adjustable than acquiescent OADM. Activating OADM is afar into two generations.

A archetypal OADM consists of three stages: an optical demultiplexer, an optical multiplexer, and amid them a adjustment of reconfiguring the paths amid the optical demultiplexer, the optical multiplexer and a set of ports for abacus and bottomward signals. The optical demultiplexer separates wavelengths in an ascribe cilia assimilate ports. The reconfiguration can be accomplished by a cantankerous affix console or by optical switches which absolute the wavelengths to the optical multiplexer or to bead ports. The optical multiplexer multiplexes the amicableness channels that are to abide on from demultipexer ports with those from the add ports, assimilate a distinct achievement fiber.

Physically, there are several means to apprehend an OADM. There are arrays of demultiplexer and multiplexer technologies including attenuate blur filters, cilia Bragg gratings with optical circulators, changeless amplitude annoying accessories and chip collapsed arrayed waveguide gratings. The switching or reconfiguration functions ambit from the chital cilia application console to a array of switching technologies including micro-electro automated systems (MEMS), aqueous clear and thermo-optic switches in collapsed waveguide circuits.

CWDM and DWDM OADM accommodate abstracts admission for average arrangement accessories forth a aggregate optical media arrangement path. Regardless of the arrangement topology, OADM admission credibility acquiesce architecture adaptability to acquaint to locations forth the cilia path. CWDM OADM provides the adeptness to add or bead a distinct amicableness or multi-wavelengths from a absolutely multiplexed optical signal. This permits average locations amid alien sites to admission the common, point-to-point cilia bulletin bond them. Wavelengths not dropped pass-through the OADM and accumulate on in the administration of the alien site. Additional called wavelengths can be added or alone by alternating OADMS as needed.

DK Photonics provides a wide selection of specialized OADMs for WDM system. Compact CWDM module and custom WDM solutions are also available for applications beyond the current product designs including mixed combinations of CWDM and DWDM.

2018 global optical networking market will reach $ 17.5 billion

Market research firm Ovum, said a new optical network investment cycle is happening in addition to EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa) outside of all regions. Currently still dominate the market growth in North America, and the Asia-Pacific regions are also increasing investment spending, South and Central America is also true, but in 2013 the EMEA region again declined.

Ovum predicts that by 2018 the global optical networking market will reach $ 17.5 billion, the forecast period CAGR of 3.1%.

Unchanged after two consecutive years, 2013 North American optical networking market spending will grow 9.1%. Currently, in North America a service providers and cable operators are investing in the core network to the network can meet the needs of all types of traffic, in this area is also being deployed 100G.

In contrast, in the EMEA region, 2013 year optical network market shrank by nearly 10%. As in Europe, there is no corresponding expenses incurred in the EMEA region is leading the market decline.

100G become major trends:

Ovum said that in the EMEA region, the optical networking market in the past five years, spending four years in a decline in its lack of investment and the current phenomenon of more and more serious. However, service providers are expanding their networks, and a chronic lack of investment spending in the region will eventually happen.

2013, we have seen large-scale WDM systems selected 100G. And 100G sales are increasing; currently 100G spending has more than 40G.

MPO/MTP Fiber Cables Data Center Applications

MPO/MTP Fiber Cable is offered for various applications for all networking and device needs like 100 Gig modules. It uses a high-density multi-fiber connector system built around precision molded MT ferrule. DKComm’s MPO fiber cables are available in UPC and APC finishes, support both multimode and single mode applications, and optional lengths available. Our MPO/MTP fiber cable is with push connector IEC 61754-7 and TIA/EIA 604-5A compliant and offer low cost per termination for high density applications. The MPO/MTP fiber cables are tested with guaranteed quality, and they can be installed easily, which saves time and money.

There are three types package MTP/MPO Cables: MPO/MTP Standard Trunk Cables, MPO/MTP Hybrid Trunk Cables, MPO/MTP Harnesses Cables and MPO/MTP Cassettes.

MPO/MTP Standard Trunk Cables

The MPO/MTP Trunk cable is designs for Data Center Applications. It is divided into round cable and flat cable with the outer diameter of 3.0 mm or 4.5 mm. The connector where this cable is terminated on is the so called MPO/MTP connector. All of MPO/MTP fiber optic patch cables are 100% optically tested for maximum performance. We have all lengths and connectors available.

DKComm offer singlemode and multimode (OM1, OM2, 10G OM3, 10G OM4) MPO/MTP Cable. Singlemode MPO/MTP cable is primarily used for applications involving extensive distances, 10G MPO/MTP cable provide 10 gigabit data transfer speeds in high bandwidth applications and they are 5 times faster than standard 50um fiber cable. Work with both VCSEL laser and LED sources. The meanwhile, we also provide 40G/100G MPO/MTP trunk cable.

MPO/MTP Hybrid Trunk Cables

DKComm’s MPO / MTP Hybrid Trunk Cable are available in SM (9/125), MM (50 or 62.5/125), 10Gig fiber types. You could select the corning fiber according to your own needs with the selection of 12/24 fiber cores. The cable is MPO/MTP on one end, with single-fiber connectors on another end, single-fiber connector interface available in SC, ST, LC, MTRJ in forms of Simplex or Duplex channeling. The fiber splitters are available in both plastic and metal fiber splitter, which give you various selections.

MPO/MTP Harnesses Cables

DKComm’s MPO/MTP harnesses cables are usually divided into three types of MPO/MTP-MPO/MTP connector, MPO/MTP-Common connector, MPO/MTP-Secure Keyed LC connector and 40G/100G MPO/MTP

Harnesses cable, according to different colors divided into SM, MM and 10G MM, you could select the corning fiber according to your own needs with the selection of 8/12/24 fibers.

The MPO/MTP Harnesses cables differs from Trunk cables, it works from trunk backbone assemblies to fiber rack system, and the trunk cable is high density back bone cabling. The MPO/MTP harnesses cable application for data centers requiring quick infrastructure deployment with extended reach that want to maintain bandwidth throughout the infrastructure, it design cater for up-scaling needs and future technologies growth, it’s the best solution, which covers all fiber optic cabling needs in all areas of Data Center.

MPO/MTP Cassettes

MPO fiber optic cassette, with SC,LC,ST, FC connectors, is a highly flexible fiber management unit that can be used stand alone or integrated into the MPO fiber optic patch panels. DKComm supply high quality MPO cassette which is designed to reduce installation time and cost for an optical network infrastructure in the premises environment. We are direct manufacturer of the MPO fiber optic cassette, that also supply rack chassis like 1U 19” rack for putting more MPO LGX cassettes.

More Information about Data Center Applications:

http://www.dk-fiberoptic.com/solution/data-centre-solution.html

Introduction to CWDM Technology

CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a technology which multiplexes multiple optical signals on one fiber optic strand by making use of different wavelengths, or colors, of laser light to hold different signals. CWDM technology uses ITU standard 20nm spacing within the wavelengths, from 1270nm to 1610nm.

CWDM In comparison with DWDM

Accordingly, they’ve got two important characteristics built into systems employing CWDM optical components which permit easier and for that reason also less expensive than in DWDM systems. CWDM is very easy in terms of network design, implementation, and operation. CWDM works together few parameters that want optimization from the user, while DWDM systems require complex calculations of balance of power per channel, which is further complicated when channels are added and removed or when it’s utilized in DWDM networks ring, particularly if systems incorporate optical amplifiers.

CWDM Function

CWDM modules perform two functions. First, they filter the lighting, ensuring only the desired wavelengths are used. Second, they multiplex or demultiplex multiple wavelengths, which are put on just one fiber link. The real difference is in the wavelengths, which might be used. In CWDM space, the 1310-band as well as the 1550-band are broken into smaller bands, each only 20-nm wide. Inside multiplex operation, the multiple wavelength bands are combined onto just one fiber. Within the demultiplex operation, the multiple wavelength bands are separated from one fiber.

Generally, a CWDM network takes two forms. A point-to-point system connects two locations, muxing and demuxing multiple signals for a passing fancy fiber. A loop or multi-point system connects multiple locations, typically using Add/Drop modules.

CWDM Modules Types

CWDM Modules utilize thin-film coating and micro optics package technology. CWDM modules consider two main configurations: CWDM Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (CWDM Demux) modules and CWDM Add/Drop Multiplexer (CWDM OADM) modules.

Mux products will include a few statistics symptoms in a only for having using a one-time fabric. Demux isolate all of the symptoms inside various terminate. Any value reaches an extra wavelength.

CWDM Mux/demux are created to multiplex multiple CWDM channels into One or two fibers. Within a hybrid configuration (mux/demux), multiple transmit and receive signals can be combined onto a single fiber. Each signal is assigned a different wavelength. At each and every end, transmit signals are muxed, while receive signals are demuxed. CWDM Mux/demux can be a flexible plug-and-play network solution, allowing carriers and enterprise companies to cheaply implement examine point or ring based WDM optical networks. CWDM Mux/demux is modular, scalable and it’s perfectly suited to transport PDH, SDH / SONET, ETHERNET services over WWDM, CWDM and DWDM in optical metro edge and access networks.

The most popular configuration of CWDM mux/demux is 2CH, 4CH, 5CH, 8CH, 9CH, 16CH and 18CH CWDM MUX/DEMUX. and also Compact CWDM module, 3 Single fiber or dual fiber connection for CWDM Mux/demux can also be found. These modules passively multiplex the optical signal outputs from 4 or higher electronics, send to them merely one optical fiber and then de-multiplex the signals into separate, distinct signals for input into technology along at the opposite end in the fiber optic link.

More information about CWDM: WDM Products

DWDM & CWDM Solutions

In today’s world of intensive communication needs and requirements, “fiber optic cabling” has become a very popular phrase. In the field of telecommunications, data center connectivity and ,video transport, fiber optic cabling is highly desirable for today’s communication needs due to the enormous bandwidth availability, as well as reliability, minimal loss of data packets, low latency and increased security. Since the physical fiber optic cabling is expensive to implement for each individual service, using a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) for expanding the capacity of the fiber to carry multiple client interfaces is a highly advisable. WDM is a technology that combines several streams of data/storage/video or voice protocols on the same physical fiber-optic cable by using several wavelengths (frequencies) of light with each frequency carrying a different type of data. With the use of optical amplifiers and the development of the OTN (Optical Transport Network) layer equipped with FEC (Forward Error Corection), the distance of the fiber optical communication can reach thousands of Kilometers without the need for regeneration sites.

DWDM vs. CWDM

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is a technology allowing high throughput capacity over longer distances commonly ranging between 44-88 channels/wavelengths and transferring data rates from 100Mbps up to 100Gbps per wavelength. Each wavelength can transparently carry wide range of services such as FE/1/10/40/100GBE, OTU2/OTU3/OTU4, 1/2/4/8/10/16GB FC,STM1/4/16/64, OC3/OC12/OC48/OC-192, HD/SD-SDI and CPRI. The channel spacing of the DWDM solution is defined by the ITU.xxx (ask Omri) standard and can range from 25Ghz, 50GHz and 100GHz which is the most widely used today. Figure – 1 shows a DWDM spectral view of 88ch with 50GHz spacing.

Figure -1: Spectral view of 50GHz spacing 88 DWDM channels/wavelengths

DWDM systems can provide up to 96 wavelengths (at 50GHz) of mixed service types, and can transport to distances up to 3000km by deploying amplifiers, as demonstrated in figure 2) and dispersion compensators thus increasing the fiber capacity by a factor of x100. Due to its more precise and stabilized lasers, the DWDM technology tends to be more expensive at the sub-10G rates, but is a more appropriate solution and is dominating for 10G service rates and above providing large capacity data transport and connectivity over long distances at affordable costs. The DWDM solution today is often embedded with ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer) which enables the building of flexible remotely managed infrastructure in which any wavelength can be added or dropped at any site. An example of DWDM equipment is well demonstrated by PL-1000, PL-1000GM, PL-1000GT, PL-1000RO, PL-2000 and PL-1000TN by DK Photonics Networks.

Figure-2 Optical amplifier used in DWDM solution to overcome fiber attenuation and increase distance

CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) proves to be the initial entry point for many organizations due to its lower cost. Each CWDM wavelength typically supports up to 2.5Gbps and can be expanded to 10Gbps support. This transfer rate is sufficient to support GbE, Fast Ethernet or 1/2/4/8/10G FC, STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 / OC3/OC12/OC48, as well as other protocols. The CWDM is limited to 16 wavelengths and is typically deployed at networks up to 80Km since optical amplifiers cannot be used due to the large spacing between channels. An example of this equipment is well demonstrated by PL-400, PL-1000E and PL-2000 by DK Photonics Networks.

It is important to note that the entire suite of DK Photonics’ equipment is designed to support both DWDM and CWDM technology by using standards based pluggable optical modules such as SFP, XFP and SFP+. The technology used is carefully calculated per project and according to customer requirements of distance, capacity, attenuation and future needs. DK Photonics also provides migration path from CWDM to DWDM enabling low entry cost and future expansion that can be viewed in the DWDM over CWDM technology page

WDM Installation

For designing and implementing a WDM network, there is a need to know some basic information regarding the infrastructure such as fiber type, attenuation of fiber, distance of fiber, network topology, service type, rate and connectivity. Based on this information, calculation of the optical link budget, OSNR (Optical Signal Noise Ratio) and dispersion can be performed in order to provide reliable, error free layer-1 optical solution.

DK Photonics’ WDM diversified equipment portfolio can provide either CWDM or DWDM solution for 4 wavelengths or 88 wavelengths ranging from few km to thousands of km and fit to the exact customer network needs. The network can be a point-to-point, linear add/Drop or ring Topology with passive Mux/DeMux or ROADM based infrastructure.

The WDM equipment serves as a demarcation point and is installed behind the Ethernet switch, router fiber channel SAN Fabric or SDH/SONET ADM coloring the fiber into different spectral wavelengths and multiplexing the rates fully isolated from each other over the same fiber to the remote site. This allows transmission of multiple channels of different services and rates of data over the same fiber utilizing the fiber resources agnostically to the service type and rate.

The WDM technology can be applied to multiple applications such as connecting building service agnostic optical layer backbone, data centers connectivity, Video broadcast, LTE fiber, cloud computing backbone, increasing existing fiber bandwidth and spectral efficiency.

Figure 3 shows the main traditional and emerging CWDM and DWDM technology applications which keep growing along with the rise of the cloud computing and CSP (Content Service Providers) as well as Smart phones and video applications causing constant increase to the WDM technology deployment and new capacities such as 100G.

Figure 3 – Main CWDM and DWDM technology applications

DK Photonics’ WDM products designed for easy and fast implementation take up minimal space and use least power, thus providing the highest integration level of CWDM and DWDM networks in the smallest 1U footprint, while providing high ROI. Additionally, the CWDM DWDM optical network is managed remotely with either DK Photonics’ Light Watch NMS/EMS or the imbedded web based management system as well as via any 3rd party SNMP tool.

Read more related articles :

Filter-based WDM CWDM Mini CWDM Module DWDM

40/100GbE MPO FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR – NORTH AMERICA MARKET FORECAST

According to ElectroniCast, 12-fiber single mode MPO connector consumption value will increase 141% per year through 2016…

ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market research & technology forecast consultancy addressing the fiber optics communications industry, today announced the release of their annual market forecast of the North American consumption of MPO Fiber Optic Connectors used in 40 and 100GbE communication links.

In 2006, the IEEE 802.3 working group formed the Higher Speed Study Group (HSSG) and found that the growth in bandwidth for network aggregation applications was outpacing the capabilities of networks employing link aggregation with 10 Gigabit Ethernet. (The standard was announced in July 2007 and was ratified on June 17, 2010).

Applications such as video, virtualization (cloud computing), switching/routing and convergence are driving the need for bandwidth expansion. We continue on the path of gradually developing of growth (and change) from 1G to 10G to 40G and 100G. For data center (DC) environments operating at 40GbE or 100GbE, fiber optic cabling is generally recommended because its reach supports a wider range of deployment configurations compared to copper solutions.

The capability to choose increased speed will enable networks to play with the 10GbE resources to the access layer allowing 40/100GbE to handle traffic at the aggregation and core layers. In this market research report, ElectroniCast Consultants provides their 2011-2016 forecast and analysis of MPO fiber optic connectors used in North American 40/100GbE optical communication networks.

The 10GbE movement into the data centers will continue; however, “future-proofing” is continuing with an accent (40/100G), which is driven by significant broadband expansion demands, especially in regards to network productivity and operating expenses (OPEX costs).

According to ElectroniCast, 12-fiber multimode MPO patchcord dominate the North American (Mexico, Canada and the United States) 40/100GbE MPO connector marketplace in 2012; however, 12-fiber single mode MPO connector consumption value will increase at the fastest pace of 141% per year through 2016.

According to ElectroniCast, 12-fiber multimode MPO connectors currently dominate the North American 40/100GbE MPO connector marketplace, based on consumption value…

40 and 100 GbE MPO Connector Value

North America Market Share (%) in 2012, by Type

(Source: ElectroniCast Consultants)

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as PLC Splitter, WDM, FWDM, CWDM, DWDM, OADM, Circulator, Isolator, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, Fused Coupler, Fused WDM, Collimator, Optical Switch and Polarization Maintaining Components, Pump Combiner, High power isolator, Patch Cord and all kinds of connectors.

The Ion exchange process and the Glass choice of the PLC Splitter Chip

Along with development of the optical communication, its good environmental stability and compatibility with fiber, began to widely used optical communication components manufacturing.( Such as self-focusing lens, optical divider, optical amplifier, etc), And extend to the sensing area, (such as: all kinds of biological and chemical sensors , current sensors which is based on fading light waves, etc.)

Glass ion-exchange technology has several one hundred years long history, Its earliest used to change the light absorption characteristics of glass, glass coloring,then, the technology is widely used in processing on the surface of the glass surface (such as touch screen add hard processing). Along with development of the optical communication, its good environmental stability and compatibility with fiber, began to widely used optical communication components manufacturing.( Such as self-focusing lens, optical divider, optical amplifier, etc), And extend to the sensing area, (such as: all kinds of biological and chemical sensors , current sensors which is based on fading light waves, etc.)

Current mainstream technology of PLC Splitter chip includes: PECVD technology, flame hydrolysis technology, glass ion exchange technology. Glass principle and technological process of ion exchange technology as shown in figure 1,figure 2. The main process flow flame hydrolysis technology shown in figure 3. The process characteristics of contrast see table 1. From years of use and reliability experiment, the two technologies are used in mass production and the performance is good.The features of PECVD/flame hydrolysis technique are that equipment and raw materials is the existing material, but its process is very complicated, the production cycle is long, the processing tolerance is small; Glass ion exchange technology is characterized by equipment and raw materials need special customized, but its technology is relatively simple, high production efficiency, process tolerance is larger, the chip cost is relatively low.

DK Photonics – www.dkphotonics.com specializes in designing and manufacturing of high quality optical passive components mainly for telecommunication, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications,such as PLC Splitter, WDM, FWDM, CWDM, DWDM, OADM,Optical Circulator, Isolator, PM Circulator, PM Isolator, Fused Coupler, Fused WDM, Collimator, Optical Switch and Polarization Maintaining Components, Pump Combiner, High power isolator, Patch Cord and all kinds of connectors.